GALVESTON INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE. The Independent Chronicle, a continuation of the Galveston Commercial Chronicle,^qv was a weekly newspaper published in Galveston by Samuel Bangs^qv from August 1843 until sometime in 1844. Bangs used the paper to oppose Sam Houston.^qv

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Marilyn M. Sibley, Lone Stars and State Gazettes: Texas Newspapers before the Civil War (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1983). Lota M. Spell, "Samuel Bangs: The First Printer in Texas," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 35 (April 1932). John Melton Wallace, Gaceta to Gazette: A Checklist of Texas Newspapers, 1813-1846 (Austin: University of Texas Department of Journalism, 1966). WPA Historical Records Survey Program, Texas Newspapers (Houston: San Jacinto Museum of History Association, 1941).