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GALVESTON INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE. The Independent Chronicle, a continuation of the Galveston Commercial Chronicle,^qv was a weekly newspaper published in Galveston by Samuel Bangs^qv from August 1843 until sometime in 1844. Bangs used the paper to oppose Sam Houston.^qv

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Marilyn M. Sibley, Lone Stars and State Gazettes: Texas Newspapers before the Civil War (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1983). Lota M. Spell, "Samuel Bangs: The First Printer in Texas," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 35 (April 1932). John Melton Wallace, Gaceta to Gazette: A Checklist of Texas Newspapers, 1813-1846 (Austin: University of Texas Department of Journalism, 1966). WPA Historical Records Survey Program, Texas Newspapers (Houston: San Jacinto Museum of History Association, 1941).

The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.

Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. "," http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/eeggl.html (accessed December 2, 2008).

(NOTE: "s.v." stands for sub verbo, "under the word.")

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Last Updated: January 17, 2008
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