QUIOUAHA INDIANS. The Quiouaha (Kiohican, Kiohuan, Kiohuhahan, Kiouahaa, Quiohohouan, Quiouhan) Indians are mentioned in documents (1687) pertaining to the La Salle expedition,^qv which identify them as enemies of the Kadohadacho Indians on the Red River. The Quiouahas have been erroneously identified with the Kiowa Indians, who did not enter the Texas area until the nineteenth century. Although it has yet to be demonstrated, the Quiouahas were probably the same people as the Quiguaya Indians, mentioned in a single Spanish missionary report (1691) as living west of the Hasinai Indians of eastern Texas. The affiliations of both groups remain undetermined.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Frederick Webb Hodge, ed., Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico (2 vols., Washington: GPO, 1907, 1910; rpt., New York: Pageant, 1959). Pierre Margry, ed., Découvertes et établissements des Français dans l'ouest et dans le sud de l'Amérique septentrionale, 1614-1754 (6 vols., Paris: Jouast, 1876-86). John R. Swanton, Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 132, Washington: GPO, 1942).

Thomas N. Campbell