TAYLOR, ROBERT H. (1825-1889). Robert H. Taylor, lawyer, soldier, and political leader, was born on July 5, 1825, in Columbia, South Carolina, the son of native South Carolinians. He studied law and was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1843. Early in 1844 he moved to Bonham, Texas. In 1845 he was elected justice of the peace. Taylor raised a company of Fannin County men to fight in the Mexican War^qv in 1846. He was elected captain and served as commander of Company B. in John C. Hays's^qv First Regiment of Texas volunteers. Future governor James W. Throckmorton^qv was a private in Taylor's company. After the war Taylor returned to Bonham, where he practiced law and farmed. In 1851 he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives to represent Fannin, Grayson, and Cooke counties in the Fourth Legislature. The voters returned him to the house in 1853, and in 1855 he was elected to the Texas Senate. In January 1856 the state convention of the American (Know-Nothing) party^qv chose Taylor to serve as a presidential elector in Texas. He won another term in the state Senate in 1857 and was chosen to the lower house for the Eighth Legislature in 1859. On January 2, 1860, during the first session of this legislature, Governor Sam Houston^qv appointed Taylor and the third José Ángel Navarro^qv commissioners to study and report on the disturbances wrought by Juan N. Cortina^qv on the Rio Grande. Although he was a wealthy man and a slaveholder, Taylor, like Sam Houston, supported the Union during the secession^qv crisis of 1860-61. On March 20, 1860, he put Houston's name forward for the presidency at the Austin meeting of the "National Democracy" in Texas. Later that year Taylor became an active supporter of the new Constitutional Union party.^qv As a member of the Eighth Legislature in January 1861, Taylor opposed recognition of the Secession Convention^qv and signed the antisecessionist "Address to the People of Texas." Once Texas seceded, however, Taylor remained loyal to the South. He helped raise three companies of cavalry during the Civil War^qv and served as colonel of the Twenty-second Texas Cavalry.

Taylor returned to public life shortly after the end of the war, when, in recognition of his prewar unionism, provisional governor Andrew J. Hamilton^qv appointed him chief justice of Fannin County. He served in that capacity from August until November 1865 and then became state comptroller, a position he held until mid-1866. Taylor was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1866^qv and sided with the Unionist minority. He was one of only three men calling for Negro suffrage. As Reconstruction^qv advanced, Taylor became an active member of the new Republican party.^qv Governor Edmund J. Davis^qv appointed him judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District in 1870, but for unknown reasons he did not qualify for the position. Three years later, when Davis sought to make him judge of the Eighth District, the state Senate, then controlled by Democrats, refused to confirm his nomination. Taylor served as president of the 1872 Republican state convention, which supported the renomination of President Ulysses S. Grant. The Republican party made Taylor its candidate for lieutenant governor of Texas in 1873, but he and Governor Davis went down to defeat as the Democrats "redeemed" Texas. In 1879 personal popularity enabled Taylor to overcome his party affiliation and win a seat in the Texas House of Representatives, the last public office that he held. He was a member of the Republican state convention in 1882 and served his party as a presidential elector in the election of 1884. Taylor was married three times. Between 1844 and 1846 he married Eppsey (Eppsy) Ann Hardaway, who died in childbirth with their third child. On October 2, 1854, he married a young Texas girl named Tennessee Gilbert, and they had four children. In 1867 he married Delilah Taylor, from Arkansas, and they had at least three more children. Taylor died at his home near Bonham on May 10, 1889. He is buried beside his first wife in Willow Wild Cemetery.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: W. A. Carter, History of Fannin County, Texas (Bonham, Texas: Bonham News, 1885; rpt., Honey Grove, Texas: Fannin County Historical Society, 1975). E. W. Swindells, A Legislative Manual for the State of Texas (2 vols., Austin, 1879-83). Amelia W. Williams and Eugene C. Barker, eds., The Writings of Sam Houston, 1813-1863 (8 vols., Austin: University of Texas Press, 1938-43; rpt., Austin and New York: Pemberton Press, 1970). E. W. Winkler, Platforms of Political Parties in Texas (Austin: University of Texas, 1916). Marcus J. Wright, comp., and Harold B. Simpson, ed., Texas in the War, 1861-1865 (Hillsboro, Texas: Hill Junior College Press, 1965).

Deborah K. Kilgore