TEJANO CONJUNTO FESTIVAL. The Tejano Conjunto Festival, organized by the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center in San Antonio in 1982, has become nationally known for its presentation of the Texas Mexican Conjunto,^qv a musical form that evolved from música norteña^qv and was developed by Texas-Mexican working-class musicians, beginning with Narciso Martínez,^qv the "father" of conjunto music. Initially, the festival occurred over a few days in May, but it was later expanded to a full week. It features many hours of live entertainment, in which dancing by the audience is encouraged. Several dozen traditional, popular, and progressive conjuntos led by such established musicians as Fred Zimmerle, Roberto Pulido, and Esteban Jordán, have appeared at the event each year. Musicians from Northern Mexico, the origin of conjunto, have also participated in the festival, and the organizers have occasionally (1989 and 1992) included Cajun and Zydeco accordionists. In addition, such female conjunto musicians as Eva Ybarra, Lupita Rodela, and Laura Canales have also performed at the festival. The festival program has often been divided into different areas to accommodate the many conjunto playing techniques. Some have been set aside for groups that represent the roots of conjunto, while others feature groups that embody "lo mejor" (the best) of San Antonio, or bands that have a new conjunto sound through the addition of a synthesizer or such instruments as the saxophone. The annual Tejano Conjunto Festival poster competition and accordion student recitals complement the occasion. Other activities to celebrate landmarks in the conjunto tradition have also become part of the festival. The Conjunto Hall of Fame, which was established in 1982, has inducted twenty-nine musicians, including one woman. In addition, at the 1986 gathering, which marked the golden anniversary of recorded conjunto music, Narciso Martínez, who made his first record in 1936, was recognized. On many occasions the city of San Antonio has proclaimed May "Conjunto Music Month" and hosted special performances by various conjunto artists, including Valerio Longoria, a veteran conjunto innovator, on the steps of City Hall. An annual special edition of Tonantzin, the quarterly publication of the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center, serves as the official festival program, often featuring special articles on conjuntos. Since its founding over a decade ago, the Tejano Conjunto Festival has grown in popularity, drawing a diverse and large audience from around the country. Some have estimated the attendance at 40,000.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center Presents the Eleventh Annual Tejano Conjunto Festival en San Antonio, 1992 (San Antonio: Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center, 1992). Tejano Conjunto Festival en San Antonio, 1991 (San Antonio: Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center, 1991).

Teresa Palomo Acosta