7. Texas in the Secession Crisis (1860-April 14, 1861)
Important note about how to cite many of the documents in this list.
Many of the documents in this list are from the two multi-volume collections listed just below this paragraph. Those collections are at Cornell University's "Making of America" website. At a specific document page, most browsers will display the phrases "Cornell University Library" and "Cornell Making of America" near the top of the page. (If not, use the scroll bar to the right of the "next page" icon to reveal these phrases.) To determine the exact location of a document in either of the War Department or Navy Department series (i.e., series, volume, and part), go to the drop-down "Go To:" menu on the right and choose "Title Page." Please cite both the data having to do with the War Department or the Navy Department series and Cornell University's "Making of America" website. Please do not cite "Links to Some Texas History Primary Source Documents on the Internet."
United States. War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 70 vols. in 128. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.
United States. Navy Department. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. 30 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1894-1922.
Suggestion: One might also find it useful to consult the list of documents and collections of documents at List 2, "Texas in the Nineteenth Century: General."
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E. W. Cave to Charles S. Taylor, January 21, 1860. Nacogdoches newspaper editor writes to a local lawyer that the governor of South Carolina has sent Governor Sam Houston copies of that state's call for secession and for a southern convention, with the request that it be forwarded to the Texas legislature, "which must now show its hand." Link to document
Josiah M. Lucas to Abraham Lincoln, January 26, 1860. The author, an employee of the house of representatives, writes from Washington that Congressman A. J. Hamilton had been nominated as speaker of the house, that most Democrats voted for him, but that Hamilton had declined the post. In doing so he remarked that the Union was "virtually dissolved." Lucas calls Hamilton a disunionist. Link to document
W. A. Bailey to [William Buley], July 3, 1860. Abolitionist leader writes from Denton County to another abolitionist in Texas of the necessity of using "desperate characters" to destroy towns and mills as part of an effort to gain control of trade in Texas. Details about other methods to be employed to influence public opinion toward turniing Texas into a free state. [Scroll down for the document.] Link to document
Resolutions of a mass meeting in Denton County, July 27, 1860. The
meeting and the resolutions were the result of recent destructive fires
in Denton County and nearby counties. The document reveals that those
in attendance suspect that abolitionists set the fires. The resolutions
set forth measures to be taken to ascertain the facts and then to
punish anyone found guilty. Details. Link to document
"Traveler" to the [New Orleans] Evening Picayune,
August 13, 1860. (Extensive excerpt.) Author states that some
abolitionists in Texas have been setting fires and "tampering with
negroes." The people of Texas have not been decisive in dealing with
the problem. Details. Link to document
"S" to the editor, Austin Texas State Gazette,
August 14, 1860. [Abridged.] Henderson, Texas, resident writes of a
committee of local persons who have been been in correspondence
with other concerned citizens in the state in an effort to thwart the
plans of "emissaries . . . of the Abolition Aid Society of the North"
to use "fire and assassination" to free the slaves in Texas. Details. Link to document
John H. Reagan to unnamed recipient, October 19, 1860. (Excerpt) The
author, a U.S. congressman from Texas at the time, was responding to a
question about the effect of a likely victory by Abraham Lincoln in the
presidential election. Link to document
R. W. Latham to Abraham Lincoln, November 8, 1860. Recommends several persons for cabinet posts, including Texas Governor Sam Houston. Link to document
Fenelon Hasbrouck to Abraham Lincoln, November 9, 1860. New York state newspaper editor recommends to the president elect that he appoint Texas governor Sam Houston as secretary of war. Link to document
L. F. Holbrook to Abraham Lincoln, November 12, 1860. "Country merchant in Tennessee" writes from New York City, recommending that the president-elect appoint as "the head cabinet officer" [presumably secretary of state] either John Bell, John J. Crittenden, or Texas governor Sam Houston. Link to document
J. B. McKeehan to Abraham Lincoln, November 13, 1860. Editor of Lincoln's campaign newspaper urges the president-elect to resist suggestions from some that certain southerners, including Texas governor Sam Houston, be appointed to the cabinet, as their records were not in harmony with the Republican Party. Link to document
Ninety-six residents of Huntsville to Sam Houston, November 14, 1860. They ask the governor for his opinion as to what Texas [and the other southern states] should do in response to the crisis brought on by the election of Abraham Lincoln as president. [Click on image to enlarge.] Link to document
Peter Douglas to Abraham Lincoln, November 15, 1860. Cincinnati, Ohio, man recommends that the president-elect appoint Texas governor Sam Houston as secretary of war. Link to document
Sam Houston to ninety-six residents of Huntsville, November 20, 1860. Very lengthy response to request for his opinion as to what Texas and the other southern states should do in response to Lincoln's election. Houston is critical of the Republican Party for passing "unconstitutional acts" in various northern states and Lincoln for certain public stances, but urges caution. He hopes that the dissolution of the Union can be avoided, as that would lead to civil war. Details. [Click on "127-0034Bp2" for this document. Click on image to enlarge.] Link to access page
Caroline Baldwin Darrow, "Recollections of the Twiggs Surrender." [Period covered, December 1860-April 1861.] Article in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. 1, pp. 33-39. Author was residing in San Antonio at the time. Link to document
Louis T. Wigfall. Remarks to the United States Senate, December 6, 1860. Wigfall was a member of the Senate from Texas. Speaks of importance of cotton to Europe, especially Great Britain. Says, "I would save this Union if I could; but it is my deliberate impression that it cannot now be done." [This document is from the Adena's "History of the United States" site.] Link to document
Louis T. Wigfall. Remarks to the United States Senate, December 6, 1860. Speaks of a secret association of northerners who have burned Texas towns and tried to poison slaveholders there. Accuses northern schools of teaching children to hate southerners. Says that the North has elected "two of the most fanatical of your sect as candidates for President and Vice-President," etc. Wigfall was a member of the United States Senate from Texas. [This document is from the Adena's "History of the United States" site.] Link to document
Truman Woodruff to Abraham Lincoln, December 11, 1860.Author writes from St. Louis, Missouri, recommending that the president-elect appoint Texas governor Sam Houston to a cabinet post. Link to document
Geo. K. Anderson to "Dear Cousin Sarah," December 16, 1860. Writes from Fairfield, Texas, that "the secession question is 'all the go' in Texas now." Is sure that Texas will secede. Knows of only two or three Union men in Fairfield. [Click on image to enlarge.] Link to document
Galveston County Committee of Safety. Address to the People of Texas,
December 29, 1860. Criticizes Governor Sam Houston for not calling
the Legislature into special session to deal with the secession crisis,
following Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency and calls on all
counties to join in with Galveston and Harris in calling for a
convention to meet in Austin in late January, so that the people can
consult and determine a course of action. Includes three resolutions.
[Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Francis P. Blair, Sr., to Abraham Lincoln, January 14, 1861. Journalist and Republican Party leader comments about various persons being suggested as members of the president-elect's cabinet. Speaks highly of several southerners, including Texas governor Sam Houston, as "all true Union men." Link to document
John H. Reagan. Speech to the United States House of Representatives, January 15, 1861. States why southern states were seceding. Author was a U.S. congressman from Texas at the time. [This document is from James Epperson's "Jim's Civil War Pages."] Link to document
Alfred B. Ely to Abraham Lincoln, January 16, 1861. New York congressman comments that Texas Governor Sam Houston might be a good appointment to the president-elect's cabinet. Explains why. Link to document
A. A. Huntington to Abraham Lincoln, January 27, 1861. Author writes from Wisconsin, recommending that the president-elect appoint Texas governor Sam Houston as either secretary of war or of the navy. Link to document
Texas. Legislature. Joint resolution relating to coercion, February 1, 1861. Asserts that the federal government does not have the constitutional power to compel the states to obey its authority. Link to document
Texas. Secession Convention. "An Ordinance: To dissolve the union between the State of Texas and the other States, united under the compact styled 'The Constitution of the United States of America,'" February 1, 1861. Link to image of document. Link to transcription of document.
Texas. Secession Convention. "Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union," February 2, 1861. Link to document
Texas. Secession Convention. Resolution [regarding federal property], February 2, 1861. The committee of public safety is empowered to appoint commissioners, etc., to act, under certain circumstances, to take possession of federal property in the state. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
J. C. Robertson to [Ben. McCulloch], February 3, 1861. The Secession Convention's committee of public safety orders him be ready to raise both men and munitions at San Antonio and "to be governed as directed by the secret instructions" given him by commissioners in that city. Link to document
John Robertson. Statement of the Secession Convention's committee of public safety, February 3, 1861. The committee appoints Thomas J. Devine, Samuel A. Maverick, P. N. Luckett, and J. H. Rogers to visit General Twiggs in San Antonio to demand and receive U.S. military property in the state. Details. Link to document
J. Bovee Dods to Abraham Lincoln, February 5, 1861. New York City resident recommends that the president-elect appoint Texas Governor Sam Houston as secretary of war. Link to document
Texas. Legislature. An Act to Provide for the Protection of the Frontier of the State of Texas, February 7, 1861. Specifies that certain named counties on the western frontier of the state may each organize a company of "Minute Men." States how they are to be enrolled, commanded, paid, regulated, etc. Link to document
W. A. Nichols. Special Order No. 20, February 9, 1861. General D. W. Twiggs, commanding U.S. army forces in Texas, appoints a military commission of three men to meet with commissioners from the Texas secession convention about "the disposition of the public property upon the demand of the State of Texas." Link to document
George Williamson to the Texas Secession Convention, February 11, 1861. Author, representing the state of Louisiana, calls on the people of Texas to join other southern states in seceding from the United States and joining the Confederacy. [This document is from James Epperson's "Jim's Civil War Pages."] Link to document
John D. Stell to Joseph F. Brown, February 11, 1861. The author, a
former Georgian and a delegate to the Texas Secession Convention,
writes to the governor of Georgia that, despite Governor Sam Houston's
"powerful influence," secession is moving forward. If the governor does
not resign "decisive measures will be adopted." Details. Link to document
W. A. Nichols. Special Order No. 25, February 14, 1861. Brevet Major-General David E. Twiggs (U.S.), orders troop movements to various places within Texas. Link to document
L. Thomas to C. A. Waite, February 15, 1861. The assistant adjutant-general of the U.S. army writes to the army commander in Texas that General-in-Chief Winfield Scott. Orders that, in the event of the secession of Texas, Waite, "without unnecessary delay, put in march for Fort Leavenworth [Kansas], the entire military force of your department." Details. [Scroll down to the document, which continues onto the next page.] Link to document
J. K. P. Blackburn. "Reminiscences of the Terry Rangers. Part I." [Written long after the events recounted.] The author (a resident of Fayette County at the time) describes his involvement with the surrender of General Twiggs to Texas forces at San Antonio in mid to late February 1861. Link to document
Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett to [D. E. Twiggs], February 16, 1861. In the name of the secession convention, they require General Twiggs, as commander of U.S. army in Texas, to surrender all military posts and public property in his control. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett to David E. Twiggs, February 17, 1861. As they have received no written reply to their communication of February 16 (only a verbal declaration that he "gave up everything"), they ask again for a written reply to avoid a collision between state and U.S. military forces. Link to document
D. E. Twiggs to Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett, February 17, 1861. U.S. army commander in Texas repeats that he will turn over U.S. army posts to the state under certain conditions, including that U.S. forces retain arms, clothes, certain equipment and stores, etc. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett to David E. Twiggs, February 17, 1861. They agree with General Twiggs' terms with the following qualifications: troops must leave Texas by way of the coast and must give up all means of transportation and artillery before embarking. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
D. E. Twiggs to Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett, February 18, 1861. U.S.army commander in Texas agrees for his troops to leave by the coast, but, as stated in his communication of February 17, they must be able to retain arms, etc. Cannot agree to surrendering light artillery. Explains why. Link to document
Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett to David E. Twiggs, February 18, 1861. They agree to the stipulations in General Twiggs' communication to them of the same day. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
W. A. Nichols. General Orders, No. 5, February 18, 1861. By order of General Twiggs, all U.S. military forces in Texas are to evacuate their garrisons and make their way out of Texas by way of the coast. Details. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Thomas J. Devine, P. N. Luckett, and S. A. Maverick. Circular, February 18, 1861. Announce their agreement with General Twiggs for surrender of army posts and evacuation of U.S. troops. Details. Link to document
D. W. Twiggs to L[orenzo]. Thomas, February 19, 1861. Commander of U.S. army in Texas reports to the assistant adjutant general in Washington that a force of more than 1,000 state troops, appearing in San Antonio, has forced him to surrender to them all military posts and public property under his control. He has agreed to march all U.S. troops out of Texas. Details. Link to document
D. W. Twiggs. General Orders, No. 6. February 19, 1861. U.S. General Twiggs relinquishes command of the Department of Texas to Col. C. A. Waite. Link to document
Ben McCulloch to John H. Reagan, February 25, 1861. Commander of Texas state troops at San Antonio sends a copy of a general order from Brevet Major-General David E. Twiggs [probably that of February 14; see above] so that Reagan "may see what sort of spirit prevails in the Army here from General Twiggs down with one or two exceptions." Many southern officers in the army "say that they will not serve Mr. Lincoln," yet will not resign or in any other way serve the South. Details. Link to document
Gouv. Morris to C. A. Waite, February 28, 1861. Union commander of Fort Chadbourne reports on the surrender of the fort to the state of Texas. Link to document
E. Kirby Smith to the assistant adjutant-general, Department of Texas, U.S. Army, March 1, 1861. Union commander of Fort Colorado [Smith had not yet resigned his commission] reports on the surrender of the fort to the state of Texas. Link to document
J. Holt. Order, March 1, 1861. U.S. secretary of war announces that, by order of President James Buchanan, General David E. Twiggs is dismissed from the army for his treachery in surrendering posts, etc., to state forces in Texas. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Thomas J. Devine, S. A. Maverick, and P. N. Luckett. Statement, March 2, 1861. The commissioners for the committee of public safety will provide transportation to evacuating U. S. troops for their baggage, provisions, etc. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Texas Secession Convention. Constitution of the State of Texas, 1861. This was a slight reworking of the Constitution of 1845 to use language referring to the Confederate States of America and to secure more firmly the institution of slavery in the state. Link to document
Texas Secession Convention . Journals of the Secession Convention, January 28-February 4, March 2-15, 1861. [Link is to the Table of Contents, which contains links to each day's session. The document is in pdf format; Adobe Acrobat required. Link to Table of Contents
Congress of the Confederate States of America. "An Act to admit Texas as a Member of the Confederate States of America, March 1, 1861. Link to document
John H. Reagan. Reminiscence of a conversation with Sam Houston, [March 4?, 1861]. [Date of the writing of the reminiscence not given.] Reagan was attending the Secession Convention at the time. He sought an interview with Governor Sam Houston, a staunch Unionist. Houston told Reagan that "our people are going to war to perpetuate slavery," but the war will be its death knell. Further details. Link to document
L. P. Walker to Ben McCulloch, March 4, 1861. The Confederate
secretary of war writes to the commander of Texas state troops at San
Antonio, requesting him to raise a regiment of mounted riflemen to
protect the state's frontier from Indian depredations, now that U.S.
military troops have been withdrawn. Details. [Scroll down to the
document, which coninues onto the next page.] Link to document
Texas Secession Convention. Ordinance accepting statehood in the Confederacy, March 5, 1861. [The title to the online document incorrectly has the date as March 22, 1861.] Link to document
J. T. Sprague. The Treachery in Texas, the Secession of Texas, and the Arrest of the United States Soldiers Serving in Texas. Read Before the New York Historical Society, June 25, 1861. [Has to do with events earlier in the year. [The documents inserted into the text (Reports 1 and 2 plus other documents) can be found in Lists 7 and 8A.] Sprague was a major in the U.S. Army. He arrived in Texas early in March 1861 and was arrested by state forces in April. He was paroled soon after the beginning of hostilities in April, after which he returned to the United States. An account of his experiences in the state begins on p. 135 with the paragraph beginning, "It was my fortune to reach San Antonio . . . ." Link to document
C. A. Waite to L. Thomas, March 6, 1861. Commander of the U.S. Department of Texas writes that he is completely dependent on the Texas authorities for means of transport for evacuating the U.S. army from Texas. Says that there are difficulties daily "to retard our operations and frequently to delay the march of the troops." Link to document
Texas Secession Convention. Committee of Public Safety. Report No. 1, March 6, 1861. Consists of documents relating to the work of the committee since its inception on February 2 with regard to its work in seeking to take possession of federal military property in the name of the state. The documents are on pp. 111-130 of an issue of The Rebellion Record, a serial publication during the Civil War. They are located within a larger document about the secession of Texas. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Texas Secession Convention. Committee of Public Safety. Report No. 2, March 7, 1861. Consists of additional documents relating to the work of the committee with regard to its work in seeking to take possession of federal military property in the name of the state. The documents are on pp. 131-134 of an issue of The Rebellion Record, a serial publication during the Civil War. They are located within a larger document about the secession of Texas. Link to document
Constitutional Convention of the Confederate States of America. Constitution of the Confederate States of America, March 11, 1861. Mentions Texas several times; has names of the Texan members of the Confederate Congress sitting as a constitutional convention in Montgomery, Alabama. Shows that all Texan members voted for the constitution. Link to document
Texas Secession Convention to Sam Houston, March 12, 1861. Resolution requesting Governor Houston to transmit to the convention a copy of a communication to Houston from the Secretary of War of the Confederate States of America relating to property surrendered to the state by U.S. Army Major General David E. Twiggs. Link to document
C. A. Waite to L. Thomas, March 13, 1861. Commander of the U.S. Department of Texas writes of the lack of cooperation and interference by Texas commissioners as reasons for delays in getting troops, supplies, etc., moving out of Texas. Hopes to have the last of the troops ready to embark by May 10. All will embark at Indianola. Link to document
O. L. Shepherd to S. Cooper, March 20, 1861. Union commander of Fort Duncan reports on the evacuation of the fort. Link to document
Texas Secession Convention. Ordinance ratifying the Confederate Constitution, March 23, 1861. Link to document
Texas Secession Convention. Special Resolutions, [late March, 1861]. Five resolutions. The first two express appreciation to U.S. Army officers and West Point cadets who have resigned and come home to defend the independence of the Confederate states from the Union. The third expresses satisfaction that Jefferson Davis has been elected president of the Confederacy and Alexander H. Stephens, vice president. The last two appoint a committee to address the people of Texas, presenting "a brief exposition of its proceedings, with reasons therefore." [Scroll down to p. 40.] Link to document
C. A. Waite to the assistant adjutant-general, Headquarters of the Army, Washington, D.C., March 27, 1861. Commander of the army in Texas has reason to believe that, should war break out, Confederates will try to make prisoners of war of U.S. troops trying to evacuate from Texas. States the steps that he will take to try to prevent this. [Scroll down to document.] Link to document
Sam Houston to Colonel [C. A.] Waite, March 29, 1861. The former Texas governor has received information that Waite [U.S. army commander in Texas] will probably soon concentrate troops at Indianola "to sustain me in the exercise of my official functions." Declines the assistance and asks him to remove all troops from the state. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
F. W. Lander to Colonel [C. A.] Waite, March 29, 1861. Writes that he has come to Texas as a confidential messenger of the Lincoln administration to the governor. His mission has failed, as Houston refuses assistance from the U.S. army. Strongly suggests that Waite do nothing to cause the secessionists in Texas "to imagine that the Government proposes to coerce them." [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Hugh W. Hawes to John H. Reagan, March 30, 1861. Matagorda Island resident writes from Saluria to the Confederate postmaster-general of U.S. troops and ships in the area. The towns in the area are undefended. Enemy has steamers that "can cross our bars"and interrupt mail service. Link to document
Pryor Lea, John Henry Brown, and John D. Stell. Address to the People of Texas, March 30, 1861. This committee of the Texas Secession Convention (which had just adjourned) presents, on behalf of that body, "a brief exposition of its proceedings, with reasons therefore." [Scroll down to p. 3.] Link to document
Elestus Backus to S. Cooper, March 30, 1861. Union commander of Fort Brown reports on the evacuation of the fort. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
H. E. McCulloch to L. P. Walker, March 30, 1861. The author, a politician and Indian fighter, writes from Austin to the Confederate secretary of war about matters involving frontier defense in Texas. Requests that some state troops be accepted into Confederate service. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
John Hemphill and W. S. Oldham to L. P. Walker, March 30, 1861. The authors, both members of the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy, write to the Confederate secretary of war about the condition of the Texas frontier and make suggestions about providing for its defense. Link to document
John H. Reagan to Edward Clark, [April 1861]. Confederate Postmaster General Reagan sends a circular letter to the Texas governor, pertaining to procedures for the changeover from the U.S. Postal Service to that of the Confederacy. Link to document
L. P. Walker to John Hemphill and W. S. Oldham, April 1, 1861. Confederate secretary of war replies to theirs of March 30. He has authorized the raising of mounted riflemen to protect the Texas frontier. Other details. Link to document
C. A. Waite to [unnamed] assistant adjutant-general of the U.S. army, April 1, 1861. Commander of U.S. troops in Texas writes from San Antonio to Washington, D.C., that, contrary to rumor, he knows of no gathering of men at Indianola to support by force the cause of the Unionist party in Texas. Rather, the policy of the Unionists is to attempt to change the minds of the Texas secessionists by means of the press and the ballot box.Details. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
Edward Clark to Jefferson Davis, April 4, 1861. The Texas governor informs the Confederate president that an agent has been dispatched to Montgomery, Alabama, to negotiate the acceptance into Confederate service of a cavalry regiment recently raised in Texas. States that it is probable that "the submission party," with Sam Houston at its head, will attempt to convert Texas into an independent republic. Details. Link to document
C. C. Sibley to L. Thomas, April 9, 1861. Union commander of Fort McIntosh reports on the evacuation of the fort. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
H. W. Hawes to John H. Reagan, April 9, 1861. Author writes from Indianola to the Confederate postmaster general that federal ships are waiting at nearby Saluria to transport federal troops from Texas to the U.S. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
E. C. Wharton to "Dear Sir," April 9, 1861. [Recipient seems to be someone in the Confederate war department in Montgomery, Alabama. See John Tyler, Jr., to Earl Van Dorn, April 16, 1861.] Author writes from the Galveston News office that the Texas coast is totally unprotected. Asks that the ports be armed immediately. Understands that 1,500 U.S. troops are being concentrated at Indianola and that Sam Houston plans to make use of them, should his appeal to Texans to abandon the Confederacy succeed. Details. Link to document
L, P. Walker to John Hemphill, April 11, 1861. Confederate secretary of war communicates to Texan member of the Provisional Confederate Congress views and propositions about the frontier defense of Texas. [Scroll down to the document.] Link to document
L. P. Walker to Edward Clark, April 11, 1861. Confederate secretary of war informs the Texas governor that he is sending Col. Earl Van Dorn to Texas to accept into Confederate service volunteers and/or state militia as needed. Link to document
S. Cooper to Earl Van Dorn, April 11, 1861. Adjutant and inspector general of the Confederate army communicates an order of the secretary of war that Col. Van Dorn is to go to Texas to take charge of Confederate forces there. His main responsibility will be to make sure that U.S. troops are not allowed to leave the state. Those willing to enter Confederate service should be accepted, those not willing are to be treated as prisoners of war. Link to document
Larkin Smith to C. C. Sibley, April 13, 1861. Writes from Green Lake, Texas, that he has come to arrange for the embarkation of Union troops onto a ship bound for New York Harbor. [Scroll down for the document.] Link to document
L. P. Walker to Edward Clark, April 15, 1861. Confederate secretary of war writes the Texas governor, thanking him for his role in the seizure of a wagon train in Texas that had been attempting to take supplies to U.S. troops in New Mexico. Link to document
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