HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
VOL. XLIX APRIL, 1946 NO. 4
E. W. COLE
Cunninghame Graham in Texas .... George P. I sbell
The Life and Times of Minera, Texas . . . Janet Roy
Land Grants and Other Aids to Texas Railroads S. G. Reed
The Citizens White Primary of Marion County J. A. R. Moseley
Check List of Texas Imprints, 1859-1860
(Continued) Edited by
E. W. Winkler
Notes and Documents:
The Old Red House at Nacogdoches . . Lois Foster Blount
Notes on Some Workers in Texas
Entomology, 1839-1880 S. W. Geiser
Dr. John Sibley and the Louisiana-
Texas Frontier, 1803-1814—
Concluded . . Julia Kathryn Garrett
Texas Collection . . H. Bailey Carroll
Book Reviews
Contributors
Index
PUBLISHED BY
THE TEXAS STATE HISTORICAL, ASSOCIATION
AUSTIN 12, TEXAS
1897--The Oldest Learned Society in Texas—l897
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COR. SEC. AND TREAS.
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Mrs. Coral Horton Tullis
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL:
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Frances Donecker (1946)
J. Evetts Haley (1947)
Amelia Williams (1948)
Claude Elliott (1949)
Merle Duncan (1950)
FELLOWS
Anna Powell (1946)
R. L. Biesele (1947)
Eugene C. Barker (1948)
Adina de Zavala (Life)
Members
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE:
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H. Bailey Carroll
Walter Prescott Webb
THE SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
EDITORS:
Walter Prescott Webb
H. Bailey Carroll
ASSOCIATE EDITORS:
Charles W. Hackett
Rudolph L. Biesele
EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS:
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Betty Brooke Eakle
The Association was organized March 2, 1897. The annual dues are three dollars. The
Quarterly is sent free to all members.
Contributions to The Quarterly and correspondence relative to historical material should
be addressed to H. Bailey Carroll, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
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Entered at the post-office, Austin, Texas, as second class mail matter.
Contents
La Salle in Texas E. W. Cole 473
Cunninghame Graham in Texas George P. Isbell 501
The Life and Times of Minera, Texas Janet Roy 510
Land Grants and Other Aids to Texas Railroads S. G. Reed 518
The Citizens White Primary of Marion County
J. A. R. Moseley 524
Check List of Texas Imprints,
1846-1876--Continued Edited by E. W. Winker 532
Notes and Documents:
The Old Red House at Nacogdoches Lois Foster Blount 585
Notes on Some Workers in Texas
Entomology, 1839-1880 S. W. Geiser 593
Dr. John Sibley and the Louisiana-
Texas Frontier, 1803-1814--
Concluded Julia Kathryn Garrett 599
Texas Collection H. Bailey Carroll 615
Book Reviews: University of Texas Staff Members, The Re-
sources of Texas; Wade (compiler), David G. Burnet Let-
ters; Hoole, Sam Slick in Texas; James, The Cherokee
Strip: A Tale of an Oklahoma Boyhood; Kupper, The
Golden Hoof; Debo, Prairie City: The Story of an Ameri-
can Community 667
Contributors 676
Index 679
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THE SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Vol. XLIX April, 1946 No. 4
La Salle in Texas
Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, the outstanding French
explorer of the seventeenth century, began his journeys
from his native Rouen in the summer of 1666, when he followed
his older brother to the colony of Canada. Three years later,
in July, 1669, La Salle, joining a Suplician exploratory and
missionary expedition, entered upon the career which earned
him an eternal niche in American annals. In 1673 he secured
the support of the Count de Frontenac, governor of Canada,
in his projects. Exploration and fur trade in the Illinois and
Great Lakes region were his chief interests until 1680, when
he began exploration of the Mississippi. Traveling downstream,
La Salle and his party of explorers reached the mouth of the
Mississippi on April 9, 1682, when he took possession of all the
river valley in the name of the king of France and called it in
his honor "Louisiana."
While La Salle was returning to Canada, news reached him
that Frontenac had been replaced as governor and that the
new governor, La Barre, had summoned him to Quebec to
answer for misdemeanors. La Salle went instead to France,
where he was at once the hero of the hour. He was restored by.
the king to all his commands and honors in New France, and,
his request for royal support of an expedition to colonize the
mouth of the Mississippi was granted.
1
A fleet was accordingly prepared, and on July 24, 1684, with
four ships, more than two hundred colonists, and a wide variety
of supplies, La Salle set sail from Rochelle, France, on his last
voyage of discovery. Although La Salle was expecting to land
at the mouth of the Mississippi (Atchafalaya) River, the ill-
fated voyage was destined to lead eventually to a landing on
the Texas coast and to a multitude of unhappy experiences in
the inland country. Late in September, 1684, one of his ships,
the St.
Francis,
was captured by Spaniards in the vicinity of
the West Indian Islands. On September 27, La Salle, having
been out fifty-eight days from Rochelle, arrived at Santo Do-
mingo. On November 28, he left Santo Domingo and two days
later sighted the eastern end of Cuba. On December 5, his
ships anchored at the Isle of Pines. Ten days later the party
landed on the south side of the western end of Cuba and took
on fresh water.
At noon on December 19, 1684, La Salle was in 22° 58' north
latitude and 86° 52' west longitude. The ships coursed north-
west until a half-hour before sunset on the evening of December
27, when at 28° 14' north latitude an oozy sea bottom was
sounded at thirty-two fathoms. Here La Salle undoubtedly was
off the delta of the Mississippi River's south-southwest distribu-
taries, a network of sloughs, bayous, and divergent flood chan-
nels then as now emanating from the main channel of the
Mississippi from Donaldsonville, Louisiana, east to the vicinity
of New Orleans. The sounding had discovered deposition of the
great river system's residual sediment, probably less than twen-
ty miles off shore in about 90° 45' west longitude and approxi-
mately fifty miles west-southwest of the mouth of the main
channel of the Mississippi. At this point La Salle made a seri-
ous mistake by changing his course from northwest to west-
northwest. At noon on December 28, at 28° 37' north latitude,
a grayish sandy ooze was discovered at ten fathoms. That dis-
covery and the bearings indicate that La Salle was near Terre
Bonne Bay and offshore a distance of not more than fifteen
miles, in approximately longitude 90° 55' west. Sailing west-
northwest, La Salle sounded eight fathoms and discovered land
to the northeast. At this time the ships evidently were ap-
proaching the entrance to Atchafalaya Bay, and the land sighted
probably was Cavalier Island, which lies east of Atchafalaya
Bay and west of the Mississippi.
The west-northwest course was continued until January 1,
1685, when, being anchored at about 29° 40' north latitude and
94° west longitude, the voyagers discovered land about four
leagues distant. Having decided to make a personal survey of
the shore, La Salle, accompanied by Chevalier de Aire and
others, for the first time on this voyage reached the mainland,
probably in the present Jefferson County, Texas. The deter-
mination of the Jefferson County landing on January 1 follows
as a natural conclusion from a tracing of the course as given
in the sailing log. On December 27, 1684, at 28° 14' north lati-
tude, as noted above, the party had sounded an oozy sea bottom
at a depth of 192 feet and had changed the course from north-
west to west-northwest.
2 Four days of travel on such a course
leads directly to the present Jefferson County.
The Jefferson County landing place is further substantiated
by the description given of the country. Henri Joutel, premier
historian of the La Salle expedition, described the land as "a
spacious plain Country of much Pasture Ground."
3 In all of his
later narrations, Joutel called a prairie a plain, which would
indicate that the landing place was on the border of an exten-
sive grassy prairie. Jefferson County is the first noteworthy
section of country along the coast west of the Mississippi that
will conform to this description. The coast country east of the
Sabine to the Mississippi is in the main low and marshy. Fur-
thermore, Joutel says that from this first landing place the
sailing course was changed from west-northwest to west-south-
west,
4 exactly the direction that would lead to Galveston Island,
which was sighted January 8, 1635.
On the night of January 9, La Salle continued his course
west-southwest, and on the next day found his bearings to be
29° 23' north latitude, where the expedition was becalmed
until January 12.
5 Here La Salle was in sight of land and sent
a ship's pilot and a master to attempt a landing, which was
unsuccessful. This attempted landing probably was off the Texas
coast near present Sandy Point, Brazoria County.
Sighting land on January 13, 1685, La Salle sent Joutel with
a company of men to the shore to get fresh water, but a landing
proved impossible. La Salle steered out to sea southward. On
the morning of January 14, the ships were becalmed in 28° 51'
north latitude.
6 In the afternoon another landing was attempted.
Again no landing was made, but an abundance of deer and
buffalo was sighted, probably near the present Sargent in south-
eastern Matagorda County.
The party sailed until the evening of January 15 when they
anchored in six fathoms. Rounding a point the next day, the
expedition probably was near an arm of land on the south side
of Matagorda Peninsula. On January 17 Joutel wrote:
The 17th, the Wind continuing the same, we held on our Course S. W.,
and having about Ten [a.m.] discovered a Sort of River, Monsieur de
la
Sale
caus'd Ten of us to go into a Boat to take a View of that Coast,
and see whether there was not some Place to land. He order'd me, in Case
we found any convenient Place, to give him Notice either by Fire or Smoke.
We set out, and found the Shoals [of present Matagorda Peninsula]
obstructed our Descent. One of our Men went naked into the Water to
sound that Sand Bank, which lay between us and the Land; and having
shewn us a Place where we might Pass, we, with much Difficulty, forc'd
our Boat into the Channel, and six or seven of us landed, after ordering
the Boat to go up into that [present Mad Island Slough] which had
appeared to us to be a River, to see whether any fresh Water could be
found.
As soon as we were landed, I made a Smoke to give Notice to Monsieur
de
la
Sale,
and then we advanc'd both Ways, without stragling [sic] too
far, that we might be ready to receive Monsr. de
La
Sale,
who was to come
as he did, soon after, but finding the Surges run high, he return'd, and
our Boat finding no fresh Water, came back and anchor'd to wait for us.
We walked about every Way, and found a dry Soil, tho' it seem'd to be
overflow'd at some Times; great Lakes of salt Water, little Grass, the
Track of Goats [deer], on the Sand, and saw Herds of them, but could
not come near them, however we kill'd some Ducks and Bustards [brants].
In the Evening, as we were returning, we miss'd an English Seaman, fir'd
several Shots to give him Notice, searched all about, waited till after
Sunset, and at last hearing no Tidings of him, we went into the Boat to
return Aboard.
7
La Salle's landing place appears to have been about eight
miles west of the mouth of the present Colorado River and
about five miles east of the present Palacios Point in southwest-
ern Matagorda County.
The sand bank mentioned by Joutel undoubtedly was a sea
sandbar re-deposition in the Gulf end of one of the many bayous
or channels that cross Matagorda Peninsula. The channel
through which Joutel and his party crossed the peninsula and
entered present Matagorda Bay, which is about three and one-
half miles wide at this place, probably was Philips' Bayou,
although it might have been any one of the several bayous or
"cut-throughs" of the peninsula in this vicinity.
The "sort of river" on the mainland where La Salle landed
is evidently Mad Island Slough, which might be classed as a
sorry kind of French "river," although it is only a gentle draw
on a slightly concave surface. This slough is north of Mata-
gorda Bay, east of Palacios Bay, and west of the Colorado River.
After that, we made several Trips, still steering towards the S. W. and
then ensued a Calm, which oblig'd us to come to an Anchor. Want of
Water made us think of returning towards the River [Mad Island Slough],
where we had been the Day before. Monsr. de
la
Sale
resolved to set a
considerable Number of Men Ashore, with sufficient Ammunition, and to
go with them himself, to discover and take Cognizance of that Country,
and order'd me to follow him. Accordingly we sail'd back, and came to
an Anchor in the same Place.
8
On the morning of January 19, 1685, when preparations had
been made to send men ashore, La Salle and the convoy com-
mander, De Beaujeu, had one of their many unfortunate dis-
agreements, which delayed the landing until the next day. On
January 20 a camp was established. This camp, the first of
the expedition on American soil, was the headquarters of the
party until February 4, 1685.
Some Days after Monsieur d'Aire
the Lieutenant, came ashore to confer
with Monsieur de
la
Sale,
and to know how he would manage about the
Provisions; but both of them persisting in their first Proposals and Mon-
sieur de
la
Sale
perceiving that Monsieur de
Beaujeu
would not be satisfied
with Provisions for 15 Days, which he thought sufficient to go to the Place
where he expected to find one of the Branches of the Missisipi,
... nothing
was concluded as to that Affair. Monsieur d'Aire
return'd to his Captain,
and Monsieur de
la
Sale
resolv'd to land his Men; which could not be done
for some Days, because of the foul Weather; but in the mean Time we
kill'd much Game.
During this little Interval, Monsieur de
la
Sale
being impatient to get
some Intelligence of what he sought after, resolv'd to go himself upon Dis-
covery, and to seek out some more useful and commodious River than that
where they were. To this
Purpose he took five or six of us along with him.
We set out one Morning in so thick a Fog, that the hindmost could not
perceive the Track of the foremost, so that we lost Monsieur de
la
Sale
for some Time.
We travel'd till about three in the Afternoon, finding the Country for
the most Part Sandy, little Grass, no fresh Water, unless in some Sloughs,
the Track of abundance of wild Goats, Lakes full of Ducks, Teals, Water-
Hens, and having taken much Pains return'd without Success.
9
Here, for the first time, La Salle discovered that he had
passed the mouth of the Mississippi. The camp was probably
situated about four miles inland on Buttermilk Slough, a tribu-
tary of Turtle Bay in the present southwestern Matagorda
County, Texas. Actually the narrative for February 4, 1685,
describes a landscape similar to that of the present Turtle and
Carancahua bays and their adjacent territory.
Whilst we liv'd thus easy enough, Monsieur de
la
Sale
expected with
Impatience to know what Resolution Monsieur de Beaujeu
would take;
that he might either go to the Place, where he expected to find the
Missisipi,
or follow some other Course; but at last, perceiving that his
Affairs did not advance, he resolv'd to put his own Design in Execution,
the Purport whereof was to land one hundred and twenty, or one hundred
and thirty Men to go along the Coast and continue it, till they had found
some other River, and that at the same Time the Bark La
Belle
should hold
the same Course at Sea, still keeping along the Coast, to relieve those
Ashore in Time of Need.
He gave me and Monsieur Moranget,
his Nephew, the Command of that
small Company, he furnish'd us with all Sorts of Provisions for eight,
or ten Days, as also Arms, Tools and Utensils we might have Occasion
for, of which every Man made his Bundle. He also gave us written
Instructions of what we were to do, the Signals we were to make; and
thus we set out on the Fourth of February
[1685].
We took our Way along the Shore. Our first Day's Journey was not
long, we encamp'd on a little rising Ground, heard a Cannon shot, which
made us uneasy, made the Signals that had been appointed, and the next
Day, being the 5th, we held on our March [westward], Monsieur Moranget
bringing up the Rear, and I leading the Van.
I will not spend Time in relating several personal Accidents, inconsid-
erable in themselves, or of no Consequence, the most considerable of them
being the Want of fresh Water; but will proceed to say, that after three
Days March we found [on February 6] a great River [the Lavaca], where
we halted and made the Signals agreed on, encamping on a commodious
Spot of Ground till we could hear of the Boat, which was to follow us,
or of our Ships.
10
The party was then on the east side of the Lavaca River.
Unable to cross it, they signalled for help from La Salle's ships,
which arrived on February 15, 1685.
That same Day, Monsr. de
la
Sale
came Ashoar to view the Place and
examine the Entrance into the River, which he found to be very good.
Having consider'd all Particulars, he resolv'd to send in the Bark La
Belle
and l'Aimable,
that they might be under Shelter, to which Purpose, he
order'd to sound, and to know whether those two Vessels could both come
in that same Day. Monsieur de
Beaujeu
caus'd also the Place to be
sounded, and lay Ashoar on the other Side of the River, where he took
The. 16th, the Pilots of the Joly,
l'Aimable
and la
Belle,
went again to
sound, they found the Entrance easy, and gave it under their Hands.
The 17th, they fix'd Stakes to mark out the Way, that the Vessels might
come safe in. All Things seem'd to promise a happy Event. [The channel
under discussion here is probably Pass Caballo, a Spanish name meaning
"Horse Pass." It is a channel connecting Matagorda Bay with the Gulf
of Mexico.]
The 18th, the Chevalier d'Aire
came ashore, to confer with Monsieur
de
la
Sale,
who being desirous to have the Fly-boat, l'Aimable
come in
that Day, order'd the most weighty Things in her to be unloaded, as the
Cannon, the Iron and some other Things. It was my good Fortune that
my Chest stood in the Way, and was also unloaded, but that Unlading
could not be done till the next Day, being the 19th. That being perform'd,
the Captain affirm'd it would go in at 8 Foot Water.
The 20th, Monsieur de
la
Sale
sent Orders to that Captain to draw near
the Bar, and to come in at high Water, of which a Signal should be given
him; he also order'd the Pilot of the Bark la
Belle
to go aboard the Fly-
boat, to be assisting when it came in. The Captain would not receive him
aboard, saying, he could carry in his Ship without his Help. All these
Precautions prov'd of no Use; Monsieur de
la
Sale
could not avert his ill
Fate. He having taken Notice of a large Tree on the Bank of the River,
which he judg'd fit to make a Canoe, sent 7 or 8 Workmen to hew it down,
two of whom return'd some Time after, in a great Fright, and told him,
they had narrowly escap'd being taken by a Company of Savages, and
that they believ'd the others had fallen into their Hands. Monsieur de
la
Sale
order'd us immediately to handle our Arms, and to march with
Drums beating towards the Savages, who seeing us in that Posture, fac'd
about and went off.
11
Some of these workmen were actually captured by the Indians
and carried to their village, which was situated on an eminence,
now called Dimmitt's Point, about five miles inland. La Salle
was obliged, at that critical time, to go to the rescue.
They had given our Men, that came with them, to eat, and Monsr. de
la
Sale
being extraordinary uneasy, we soon took Leave of them to return. . ..
We soon arrived at our Camp, and found the Misfortune, Monsr. de
la
Sale
had apprehended, was but too certain., The Ship was stranded on the
Shoals. ...
This Misfortune was so much the greater, because that Vessel contain'd
almost all the Ammunition, Utensils, Tools and other Necessaries for
Monsr. de
la
Sale's
Enterprise and Settlement. He had need of all his
Resolution to bear up against it; but his Intrepidity did not forsake him,
and he apply'd himself, without grieving, to Remedy what might be.
12
It is not certain whether the Belle
entered Matagorda Bay
before or after the loss of the Aimable,
but it is certain that
she made a safe entry and that she made several successful
trips up and down the Lavaca River and through the bay for
building material and other supplies. About March 1, 1685, an
ignorant crew of watchmen raised her anchor where she had
been moored up Palacios Bay for several months, and the strong
wind prevailing at that time carried her ashore where she per-
ished, probably on the east shore of the bay north of the present
village of College Port in Matagorda County. This great dis-
aster stranded the expedition without any means of land or
sea transportation in a vast wilderness where hostile savages
surrounded them.
After the wreck of the Aimable,
M. de Beaujeu returned to
France with his ship, the Joly.
The colony fell to work to build
from the wreckage of the lost ship a fort on an island situated
on the west side of the mouth of the Lavaca River. When this
project was well under way, La Salle with fifty men made an
exploration up the Lavaca River to ascertain whether it was
an arm of the Mississippi. Joutel was left in command of the
company.
On this trip La Salle found a more desirable place to estab-
lish a fortification on a little hill about five miles up the Lavaca
River, which the French called La Riviere aux Boeufs. Men
were soon put to work at that place to build a second and a
more substantial fort. By the middle of June, 1685, about half
of the colony was moved to the new location. In July, 1685,
the remainder of the colony was carried in the Belle
to the new
fort, which was named Fort St. Louis.
During the construction of Fort St. Louis, La Salle made three
or four short explorations in search of the right arm of the
Mississippi; he set out on foot April 22, 1686, on his first
long journey to look for that "fatal" river. He traveled as far
as a village of the Assony Indians, who at that time lived in
the present De Soto Parish, Louisiana. La Salle named the
tribe the Cenis Nation. The Spaniards called the same Indians
Hasinai, from which came the name Tejas or Texas. After
months of great hardships, La Salle returned to Fort St. Louis
in August, 1686, without accomplishing his purpose.
We were in about the 27th [29th] Degree of North Latitude, two Leagues
up the Country, near the Bay of St. Lewis
and the Bank of the River
aux
Boeufs
[Lavaca River], on a Hillock [Dimmitt's Point], whence we
discover'd vast and beautiful Plains, extending very far to the Westward,
all level and full of Greens, which afford Pasture to an infinite Number
of Beeves and other Creatures.
Turning from the West to the Southward, there appear'd other Plains
adorn'd with little Woods of several Sorts of Trees. Towards the South
and East was the Bay, and the Plains that hem it in from the East; to the
Northward, was the River running along by a little Hill, beyond which
there were other large Plains, with some little Tufts of Wood at small
Distances, terminating in a Border of Wood, which seem'd to us to be
very high.
13
... the place where the fort stands is somewhat sandy; everywhere
else the ground is good. On every side we saw prairies on which the
grass is, at all seasons of the year, higher than wheat with us. Every
two or three leagues is a river skirted with oaks, thorn, mulberry, and
other trees. ...
The fort is built on a little eminence which runs north and south; it
has the sea on the southwest [southeast], vast prairies to the west, and
on the southwest two small lakes, and woods a league in circuit; a river
flows at its foot.
14
The above recordings make possible a good mental picture
of the site of Fort St. Louis and its surroundings. It is possible
to view the same landscape today and see the same topographic
objects that Joutel and Douay saw and described in the years
1685-1686. The evidence seems to lead to the conclusion that the
site of Fort St. Louis was on Dimmitt's Point, a little hill run-
ning north and south situated between Venada and Menefee
bayous on the west side of the Lavaca River in southern Jackson
County. Additional facts substantiating this holding will be
presented.
Early in 1687 La Salle left Fort St. Louis on another long
journey in search of the Mississippi. This was to be his last
expedition.
We set out the 12th of January,
in the Year 1687, being seventeen in
Number ... We went that Day to the Place we call'd le
Boucon,
because
there, we had often dry'd Flesh .. . This place was not far from our
Habitation.
The 13th, we cross'd a Plain about two Leagues over, ... We met with
Marshy Lands [the Menefee Lakes region], ... and came to a Wood ...
across which, runs a Branch of a River, full of Reeds, by Monsieur de
la
Sale
call'd the Princess's
River. That Branch joins the other, and they
both fell together into the Bay of St. Lewis.
15
This river, which Joutel designated as a branch of a river,
is the upper portion of present Lavaca River above its junction
with the lower Navidad and was doubtless considered a part
of the Riviere aux Boeufs. Douay called it the First Cane River.
The 17th, was a very toilsome Day's Journey, by Reason of the Woods
and Rivulets we were to cross; after which we came to a little Hill [Vil-
lage Hill], on which there were 2 or 300 Cottages of the Natives. ... We
ford'd a Branch of the River [this branch of a river is the upper portion
of the Navidad, above its junction with Sandy Creek, named the Second
Cane River by Douay], and proceeded to the Bank of another [present
Bushy Creek], the Bottom whereof being foul, we incamp'd on the Edge
of it, and the Rain falling at Night and continuing all the next Day, were
oblig'd to stay there. ... The 22th, our Horses being spent and hurt, and
we much tir'd, the Day was given to Rest ... A Rain falling and holding
all the Night, we did not march the 24th. The 25th, we travell'd not far,
by Reason of the Rains continuing, and that there were several Rivers
in the Way much swollen.
16
The rivers last referred to are East Sandy Creek, West Tur-
key Creek, East Turkey Creek, and Porter's Creek. All are in
northwestern Wharton County, between West Sandy Creek and
the Colorado River. La Salle and his party traveled about
thirty-six miles from Fort St. Louis, January 12, to this station
between West Sandy Creek and East Sandy Creek, January 21,
1687. Douay estimated eleven leagues, or about twenty-nine
miles, traveled. Modern maps show the distance to be about
thirty-six miles. The French measurements appear to be sub-
stantially correct, and the directions given fit the course trav-
eled exactly. Joutel records five French "rivers" crossed and
a trying country traversed. The topography of the country
accounts for the great amount of time and energy spent in
crossing it.
Here, after emerging from the low swampy region called
Princess River Valley, which has been identified as the present
Sandy Creek and the lower portions of the Lavaca and Navidad
rivers, the French expedition encountered a narrow sandy belt
of land extending in a northeast-southwest direction. This gen-
tly sloping, almost featureless, sandy plain north and northeast
from Fort St. Louis is formed by an outcrop of the Lissie geo-
logical formation.
La Salle traveled this sandy plain from West Sandy Creek
northwestern Wharton County, to Spring Creek, northwestern
Harris County, a distance of about seventy miles. For the
French it afforded a delightful traveling experience, and for
the research historian it supplies an infallible journey marker.
"The 26th, we proceeded on our Journey, and came to the
River call'd la
Sablonniere,
from the many Sand Banks there
are in it."
17 La Sablonniere River was the modern Colorado
River. Some scholars believe it may have been named for the
Marquis de la Sablonniere, a member of La Salle's expedition,
but Joutel's narrative giving the name and description which
he applied to the river does not bear out that opinion. The more
likely version of the origin of the name as applied to the Col-
orado is that Joutel named the stream because its surroundings
reminded him of a sandy place in France.
"The 27th, departing from it, we came to another little nar-
row River, but very deep ... we ... went to incamp beyond
it in a little Wood, where we had a very bad Night, because of
the Rain which fell again, and the overflowing of the River."
18
This stream is today called Caney Creek, the ancient channel
bed of the Colorado River. To this day it carries the overflow
waters from the Colorado River channel. The place where La
Salle and his party crossed "Old Caney Creek" was in northern
Wharton County and south of the present town of Eagle Lake,
Colorado County.
The next Day being the 28th, observing the Water was still rising, we
decamp'd to go a League farther, to a higher Ground, ... We took Notice
the Country was very good, the Plains extending as far as the Eye could
reach, and adorn'd with many little Coppices, affording a very agreeable
Prospect.
19
This camp site was near the present railroad station of Bonus,
northern Wharton County. Here, the French again approached
the sandy Lissie prairie, east of the Colorado River. Joutel's
picture of this locality is quite accurate.
We march'd over Part of them [the sandy prairies] the 29th and 30th,
after 3 Hours Travel, found a Way full of Water, which oblig'd us to
incamp on the Bank of a River [the San Bernard River]; pass'd it the
31th, and incamp'd in a Wood close by.
20
The way full of water was a slough, through which the river
was then cutting a new channel, and it is now the main channel
of the San Bernard River.
The next Day, being the First of February,
1687, Monsieur da
la
Sale
left me to guard the Camp, and took along with him, Monsieur Cavelier
his Brother and seven Men, to go see whether he could find any Body in
several Cottages our Hunters had discover'd. He found twenty four or
twenty five of them, ... standing on a rising Ground, almost encompass'd
by the River, in each of which there were four or five Men, and several
Women and Children.
21
On January 31 and February 1, 1687, La Salle encamped on
the east side of a river. The Indian village mentioned by Joutel
was apparently situated on a sandy prairie, within a river bend
that opened toward the east. An investigation of the terrain
reveals rising ground on a sandy prairie within a large circular
bend of a river in southwestern Austin County. This bend,
which opens toward the east, is now known as Devil's Bend.
The Second, we set out ... and proceeded on our Journey, through a
Country pleasant enough, ... and having cross'd a large Plain, came to
the Bank of a fine River, call'd la
Maligne,
or the Mischievous, because in
Monsieur de
la
Sale's
former Journey, an Alligator devour'd one of his
Servants, who was swimming over it. This River is as wide as the Seine
at Roan, seems to be very navigable and has a very pleasant Country
about it. We incamp'd in a little Wood adjoining to it.
22
La Maligne River was the Brazos. La Salle's camp evidently
was at the site of the later San Felipe de Austin, Austin County.
Douay described the country graphically:
We marched seven or eight leagues to the Robec river [Colorado River,
named La Sablonniere by Joutel], passing through prairies, and over
three or four rivers, a league from one another. ... Continuing our route,
we crossed great prairies to the Maligne. This deep river, where one of
our men had been devoured by a crocodile, comes from a great distance.
23
The streams crossed were East Sandy Creek, West Turkey
Creek, East Turkey Creek, Porter's Creek, and the Brazos. Of
the creeks, Joutel observed "that there were several rivers in
the way much swollen." From West Sandy Creek, northwestern
Wharton County, to the Brazos River, eastern Austin County,
the French traveled about fifty-five miles.
Historians have agreed that the French river, Maligne, is
the present Brazos. Furthermore, with the sandy belt of coun-
try traversed and the Brazos River as points of origin, all other
rivers crossed and named by the French in Texas can be located
and identified. All rivers crossed and recorded but not named
can be located and designated by their present names. From
these and other natural markers the site of Fort St. Louis, the
outline of La Salle's last trail, and the location of his last camp
site have been determined.
Joutel states that La Salle approached the Brazos River over
a country "pleasant enough." From West Sandy Creek, north-
western Wharton County, to and including the Brazos, French
historians account for eight rivers crossed, two of which were
given French names signifying sand, i.e., Sandy River and La
Sablonniere. This sandy formation narrows down about four
miles west of the Brazos River to a strip of land less than a
half mile wide. It is bordered from the Brazos on both sides
with clayey soils which make it impossible at any other place
to approach the Brazos River from the west on this sandy
formation. There is no other such sandy formation within the
survey of La Salle's last journey. The above seems conclusive
proof that La Salle crossed the Brazos River at the present
site of the old settlement of San Felipe de Austin, on February
9, 1687, one hundred and fifty-two miles distant from the site
where he was murdered on March 20, 1687.
A careful interpretation of the French journals, correlating
them with the topographic aspects of the landscape traversed
by La Salle, seems to show conclusively that the site of Fort
St. Louis was on the Lavaca River in Jackson County.
Dr. Herbert E. Bolton, however, has affirmed, in "The Loca-
tion of La Salle's Colony on the Gulf of Mexico" in the South
-
western
Historical
Quarterly,
XXVII, 171-189, that the site of
Fort St. Louis was on Garcitas Creek in Victoria County. The
following factors seem sufficient evidence to question Bolton's
thesis:
(1) According to the accounts of the French explorers them-
selves, who appear to be the best authorities, La Salle traveled
on his last journey from Fort St. Louis up a stream on its west
side, which he named the Princess River and on whose west
bank the fort was located;
(2) Corroborating the French records of rivers crossed, an
investigation on the ground reveals that the Princess River has
five tributaries from the northwest large enough to be called
French rivers;
(3) Garcitas Creek does not have and never did have from
any and all directions that number of tributaries which could
be classed as French rivers;
(4) La Salle traveled from Fort St. Louis up and across the
Princess River (Douay's Sandy River at that crossing), then
eight miles farther to and across Porter's Creek, a tributary of
the Princess River forty-nine miles above its mouth;
(5) During the journey the Princess River was so swollen
that the explorers could not cross it until they advanced to its
upper reaches where the river cuts across the Lissie prairie,
a narrow belt of deep sand which caused Douay to call it the
Sandy River;
(6) La Salle made a nine days' journey to a point thirty-six
miles above Fort St. Louis;
(7) Garcitas Creek is not in all thirty-six miles long-; in fact
it is less than thirty miles in extent. La Salle crossed his Prin-
cess River on a foot log forty-one miles above its mouth and
thirty-six miles above Fort St. Louis. This one fact alone should
be enough evidence to eliminate Garcitas Creek as a factor con-
nected with the determination of the site of Fort St. Louis.
Whilst we staid, Monsieur de
la
Sale
set Men at Work to make a port-
able Canoe, ... That Canoe was of great Use to us, to cross Rivers as well
for our selves as for our Baggage, but the Horses swam over.
The Ninth, we put our Canoe into the Water, and pass'd the [Brazos]
River in it, and incamp'd half a league from thence. . . .
The Tenth, we held on our Journey, crossing several spacious Plains
[the Lissie plain], the Grass whereof was burnt, whence Monsieur de
la
Sale
concluded, that there were many Natives thereabouts. He thought it
convenient to provide Store of dry'd Flesh, for Fear we should not find
Game in the Country we were going to enter upon, and accordingly caused
several Beeves to be kill'd for that Purpose.
For that Reason, we continued there till the 12th, when we went and
incamped on the Bank of a River, which Monsieur de
la
Sale
had in his
former Journey [1686] call'd d'Eure.
24
La Salle's d'Eure River was present Spring Creek, a tribu-
tary of San Jacinto River, on the border of northwestern Har-
ris County. This camp site seems to have been on the head-
waters of Cypress Bayou, northwestern Harris County.
The 13th and 14th we cross'd four or five large Rivulets, and then a
fine curious Country, diversify'd with several little Woods, Hills and small
Brooks, affording a delightful Prospect. That pleasant Country was ter-
minated by a Wood, which we were to cross, and were favor'd in it by a
Way beaten by the Bullocks, and at Night we incamped there.
25
This area is situated in present northeastern Waller, south-
eastern Grimes, and southwestern Montgomery counties. The
camp site was northwest of the present village of Dobbin, Mont-
gomery County. The large rivulets crossed were Brushy Creek,
Walnut Creek, Mill Creek, Cedar Creek, and Caney Creek, trib-
utaries of Spring Creek and Lake Creek.
"The 17th, we pass'd a small River, with some Difficulty, and
incamp'd beyond it."
26 Probably this was Lake Creek, crossed
just below the mouth of Garrett Creek, a tributary of Lake
Creek from the west.
At this stage of their journey, south of a great circular bend
in the upper West San Jacinto River, southwestern Walker
County, the French advanced to a narrow strip of land on the
surface of which a massive white or gray sandstone is found.
Its boulders make a journey marker for the historian. La Salle
traveled along this rocky stretch of country for about fifty
miles.
"The 19th, we travell'd along the Tops of those Hills, to avoid
the Bottoms, and found a Difficulty to get down, by reason of
the Rocks we met with at the End of them, and a River [West
San Jacinto] we were to cross."
27
South of the San Jacinto River, La Salle traveled along
ridges of diversified grades and elevations. As he traveled along
one of these ridges, he found difficulty in leaving its eastern
terminus because of the escarpment and sandstone boulders on
the surface of the slope.
On La Salle's arrival at this rocky formation his geographical
position was about thirty miles northeast of the present city of
Navasota in Grimes County. From the diary accounts of the
French which immediately precede, it will be recalled that La
Salle crossed the Maligne (Brazos River) on February 9, 1687,
at the site of old San Felipe de Austin. By February 18, trav-
eling northeast by north-northeast from that river crossing,
his expedition had crossed seven other streams which were
called rivers. By March 8, 1687, traveling eastward along a
rocky formation to White Rock Creek in Trinity County La
Salle had crossed seven more rivers or streams. After leaving
this rocky terrain the party traveled until March 16 east-north-
east toward La Salle's last camp site, crossing five more streams.
From these facts it is demonstrated that La Salle was not mur-
dered on or near either the Brazos or the Navasota.
The French journalists mention and clearly describe a rocky
country over which La Salle journeyed from February 19 to
March 8, 1687. Study of topography shows there is only one
such rocky formation within the geographical scope of La Salle's
explorations in Texas. The outcrop of the rocky formation lies
almost entirely east of the Brazos River, extending into the
present state of Louisiana. West of the Brazos River the rocky
formation changes facies to beds of volcanic tuff and clay and
does not exist in mass quantity on the surface west of the
Brazos. From Joutel's journal it appears that on February 2,
1687, La Salle approached the Brazos River from the west on
a sandy, not a rocky, geological formation. These observations
being demonstrable, it is certain that the last part of La Salle's
journey could not have been through any region other than
that east of the Brazos. Inasmuch as La Salle journeyed east
over this rocky formation for at least fifty miles and after
leaving it traveled east 132 miles away from the Brazos and
Navasota rivers, the physical impossibility that La Salle could
have been murdered near the present city of Navasota seems
apparent.
On February 22, 1687, Joutel says that the expedition "went
up to an Eminence terminated by a Rock, at the Foot whereof
ran a little River, the bottom whereof was all of flat Rocks,
fit for Building."
28
This "Eminence terminated by a Rock" was a rocky bluff just
south of a flat rock ford crossing on Nelson Creek, a tributary
of the Trinity River on its south side in northern Walker County.
The 23d, we pass'd by the Cottages we had been told of, where the
Natives were with their Wives and Children. Monsr. de
la
Sale
caus'd us
to halt in the Village. ... The rest of our Men being come up, we went
on to incamp a League from thence, on the Bank of a Rivulet, and at the
Foot of one of the highest Mountains in the Country.
29
This rivulet was East Sulphur Creek; the mountain was a butte
in northern Walker County.
We went on the 24th, and incamp'd on the Edge of a Marsh. The 25th,
the Rain hinder'd us from Marching. The 26th, Monsieur de
la
Sale
per-
ceiving how difficult and dangerous it was to cross that. Marsh, sent his
Indian
to the others, to know whether they really desir'd to go with us.
They answer'd, we must return thither to join them. The 27th we de-
camp'd, in order to [do] it; but took another Way to go meet the Indians.
30
On the east-southeast side of the mountain and East Sulphur
Creek, lie bottom and hummock lands which are marshy, espe-
cially during the time of much rainfall. On the west bank of
West Sulphur Creek is firmer ground on which La Salle after-
ward approached the Trinity River by way of an Indian trail.
The first of March,
we join'd the Indians,
on the Edge of the Marsh,
which we had just cross'd, where the Rains kept us till the Fifth, during
which Time we went to find out where we might pass a rapid Torrent,
that discharges it self into the river call'd of Canoes.
31
This river, here called Canoes, was the Trinity, named Mis-
fortune River by Douay on La Salle's former journey in 1686
because Douay had the misfortune almost to lose his life by
being swept down the river.
are separated at their sources by an elevated sandstone ridge,
which terminates in Wyser Bluff at the Trinity River, the rock
boulders left in the channel where the river cuts across the
ridge forming Wyser Shoal. On both sides of the ridge for a
half mile back from the river are steep bluffs. At the base of
the east bluff flows East Sulphur Creek and at the base of the
west bluff flows West Sulphur Creek. The bluffs at the river
and along the creeks to the river and the marsh on the south-
east side of East Sulphur Creek were all impassible by pack
horses, which accounts for La Salle's approach to the Trinity
on the west side of West Sulphur Creek.
The rapid torrent to which Joutel refers was a waterfall
which pours from the mouth of West Sulphur Creek into the
Trinity on the upper edge of Wyser Shoal.
From the Brazos River and the sandy geological formation,
a major journey marker, to the Trinity River and the sand-
stone geological formation, another major journey marker, Jou-
tel describes a diversified country, a rocky undulation, nine
French rivers, and accounts for twenty-five days on the journey
of about ninety-six miles.
A visit to the present northern part of Walker County will
reveal the "Eminence terminated by a Rock" and the "little
River, the bottom whereof was all of flat Rocks, fit for Build-
ing" much the same today as they were when described by
Henri Joutel in 1687. The streams (East Sulphur Creek and
West Sulphur Creek), the difficult marsh, and the highest moun-
tain in the country--the natural objects described by Joutel
from February 23 to March 5, 1687--are all located in northern
Walker County in association with the sandstone member of
the Catahoula formation which extends northeast-southwest
through several Texas counties and from which rock is now
being quarried for building purposes as Joutel foresaw on Feb-
ruary 22, 1687.
Because of the peculiar topographic patterns developed on
the Chita sandstone at the Trinity River, La Salle's last journey
is tied by the written records of Joutel to the place where the
river crosses that rocky formation. La Salle crossed the Trinity
River on Wyser Shoal, March 6, 1687. Fourteen days later and
fifty miles southwest of the shoal he was murdered.
The Fifth, ... we went to find out where we might pass a rapid Torrent,
that discharges it self into the River call'd of Canoes,
which we pass'd
the 6th, in the Canoe we had made, and which did us good Service, to
pass other Rivers we met with the 7th and the 8th on our Way.
32
The three days of travel on March 6, 7, and 8, 1687, being
made in one entry, require an examination of what has gone
before in order to clarify what may be meant here. Joutel
states that La Salle's party used the canoe in passing other
rivers on the route away from the Trinity River. From this
statement it is to be inferred that on March 8 the expedition
must have crossed White Rock Creek, because it is the fourth
and the largest stream on La Salle's route between the Trinity
and the Neches rivers. It is about three days and twenty-one
miles travel from the Trinity River at Wyser Shoal.
This being true, a possible supplement on the log of rivers in
the journal as the French probably would have recorded them
might be: Wright's Creek, a stream in Walker County, which
was passed on March 6; Chalk Creek, a stream in Trinity
County, which was crossed on March 7 (both streams being
tributaries of the Trinity River); Tentabogue Creek, a stream
in Trinity County and a tributary of White Rock Creek, which
was passed on March 8; and White Rock Creek, a stream in
Trinity County and a tributary of the Trinity River, which the
expedition passed on the same day.
The 9th [of March, 1687], we did not stir, because of the Rain. The
10th, incamp'd on the Bank of a small River [Tyler Creek in Houston
County, a tributary of White Rock Creek], which we cross'd on the 11th,
and the same Day another River [Piney Creek in Houston County, a
tributary of the Neches River] and incamp'd on the Bank of it, and found
it adorn'd with very fine Mulberry Trees. [This creek still has a fine
growth of mulberry trees on it.] The 12th we cross'd another River,
[Cochina Creek in Houston County, a tributary of the Neches River], and
incamp'd near it. The 13th came again to the River of Canoes
[Neches
River], so called by Monsieur de
la
Sale,
because he the first time put
Canoes into it, at his former Journey [1686]. ... [It should be remembered
that Joutel had stated that the Trinity River was called "Canoes," but
here he states his reasons for applying the same name to the Neches River.]
The 15th, we held on our Journey with them, and found a pleasanter
Country than that we had pass'd thro'; and Monsieur de
la
Sale
having
in his former Journey hid some Indian Wheat and Beans, two or three
Leagues from that Place, and our Provisions beginning to fall short, it
was thought fit to go to that Place. Accordingly he order'd the Sieurs
Duhaut,
Hiens,
Liotot
the Surgeon, his own Indian,
and his Footman,
whose Name was Saget,
who were followed by some Natives, to go to the
Place he described to them, where they found all rotten and quite spoilt.
33
The above account establishes that La Salle on his journey
in 1687 was traveling the same Indian trail that he had traveled
on his other journey, in 1686. On that journey he had buried
some Indian corn and beans on or near the trail two or three
leagues from where he crossed the Neches River. The topogra-
phy of the country east of the river was so outstanding that
La Salle eight months later at a distance of seven miles was
able unerringly to direct men who had never been there before
to the exact location.
Those topographic markers which it appears were used as
beacons of position by La Salle and his men were a chain of
large natural mounds, whose apexes are situated about a half
mile apart, running northeast-southwest through Cherokee
County.
The 16, in their Return, they met with two Bullocks, which Monsieur
de
la
Sale's
Indian
kill'd, whereupon they sent back his Footman, to give
him Notice of what they had kill'd, that if he would have the Flesh dry'd,
he might send Horses for it. The 17th, Monsieur de
la
Sale
had the Horses
taken up, and order'd the Sieurs Moranget
and de
Malre
and his Footman,
to go for that Meat, and send back a Horse Load immediately, till the
rest was dry'd.
Monsieur Moranget,
when he came thither, found they had smoak'd both
the Beeves, tho' they were not dry enough; and the said Sieurs Liotot,
Hiens,
Duhaut
and the rest had laid aside the Marrow-Bones and others
to ... eat the flesh that remain'd on them, as was usual to do. The Sieur
Moranget
found fault with it, he in a Passion seiz'd not only the Flesh
that was smoak'd and dry'd, but also the Bones, without giving them any
Thing; but on the contrary, threatning they should not eat so much of it,
as they had imagin'd, and that he would manage that Flesh after another
Manner.
This passionate Behavior so much out of Season, and contrary to Reason
and Custom, touch'd the Surgeon Liotot,
Heins
and Duhaut
to the Quick,
they have other Causes of Complaint against Moranget.
They withdrew,
and resolv'd together upon a bloody Revenge; they agreed upon the Man-
ner of it, and concluded they would murder the Sieur Moranget,
Monsieur
de
la
Sale's
Footman and his Indian,
because he was very faithful to him.
They waited till Night, when those unfortunate Creatures had supp'd
and were asleep. Liotot
the Surgeon was the inhuman Executioner, he
took an Ax, began by the Sieur Moranget,
giving him many Strokes on
the Head; the same he did by the Footman and the Indian,
killing them
on the Spot, whilst his Fellow Villains, viz,
Duhaut,
Hiens,
Teissier
and
Larcheveque
stood upon their Guard, with their Arms, to fire upon such
as should make any Resistance. The Indian
and the Footman never stir'd,
but the Sieur Moranget
had so much Vigour as to sit up, but without being
able to speak one Word, and the Assassins obliged the Sieur de
Marie
to
make an End of him, tho' he was not in the Conspiracy.
34
After the slaughter of Moranget, Nika, and Saget on the
night of March 17, the slayer and his fellow conspirators, im-,
peded by high water on Larrison Creek and imbued with dread
of the inevitable reckoning with La Salle, stayed away from
the main camp until March 20. La Salle, becoming alarmed at
the delay of their return, left the camp in charge of Joutel
while he went to look for his nephew and the rest of his people.
When he came near the Dwelling of the Murderers, looking out sharp
to discover something, he observed Eagles [buzzards] fluttering about a
Spot, not far from them, which made him believe they had found some
Carrion about the Mansion, and he fired a Shot, which was the signal of
his Death and forwarded it.
The Conspirators hearing the Shot, concluded it was Monsieur de
la
Sale
who was come to seek them. They made ready their Arms and pro-
vided to surprise him. Duhaut
passed the River [Larrison Creek], with
Larcheveque.
The first of them spying Monsieur de
la
Sale
at a Distance,
as he was coming towards them, advanc'd and hid himself among the high
Weeds, to wait his passing by, so that Monsieur de
la
Sale
suspecting
nothing, and having not so much as charg'd his piece again, saw the
aforesaid Larcheveque
at a good Distance from him, and immediately
ask'd for his Nephew Moranget,
to which Larcheveque
answer'd, That he
was along the River. At the same Time the Traitor Duhaut
fired his Piece
and shot Monsr. de
la
Sale
thro' the Head, so that he dropp'd down dead
on the Spot, without speaking one Word ...
When those Murderers had satiated their Rage, they set out to come to
us at our Camp, with the dry'd Flesh, which they had caus'd to be brought
over the River [Larrison Creek] by the Indians,
who had been Spectators
of the Murder and of all the inhuman Actions that had been committed,
with Amazement and Contempt of us.
When they were come to the Camp, they found Mesieurs Cavelier,
the
one Brother, the other Nephew to the Murder'd Commander, whom Father
Anastasius
acquainted with the dismal End of our Chief, and enjoin'd
them Silence, which it is easy to imagine was very hard upon them; but
it was absolutely necessary. ...
I was absent at that Time; he they call'd Larcheveque,
who, as I have
said, was one of the Conspirators, had some Kindness for me, and knowing
they design'd to make me away too, if I stood upon my Defence, he parted
from them, to give me Notice of their Mischievous Resolution. He found
me on a little rising Ground, where I was looking upon our Horses as
they graz'd in a little adjacent Bottom. His Intelligence struck me to the
Heart not knowing whether I should fly or stay; but at length, having
neither Powder nor Shot, nor Arms, and the said Larcheveque
giving me
Assurances of my Life, provided I was quiet and said Nothing, I ... went
to them, without taking any Notice of what had been done.
35
La Salle's last camp site was adjacent to a rising ground.
He was murdered on the bank of a stream at a distance of full
two leagues from that camp site; the current of that stream,
so far as the records show, was easily crossed by La Salle's men
on March 16, 1687, and it was crossed again by part of them
on the following day.
Larrison Creek was one of the French "rivers" that La Salle
did not cross; however, it was crossed by Duhaut, Liotot, Hiens,
Larcheveque, Teissier, Nika, and Saget, March 16, 1687. It was
crossed the next day by Moranget, de Marie, and Saget, where
Moranget, Nika, and Saget were murdered.
During March 18 and 19, the stream at that place was so
swollen, doubtless from rainfall on its upper reaches, that its
high waters made crossing hazardous, but on March 20, its
current had fallen enough to afford an easy passage for Lar-
cheveque and Duhaut, who crossed the stream and on its east
bank slew La Salle.
A stream in East Texas given to that kind of performance
is now classed as a creek, and its rank could not, by any stretch
of the imagination, apply to either the Angelina, Neches, Nava-
sota, or Brazos rivers because the rise and fall of their currents
are much more gradual and of longer duration. There is but
one stream, Larrison Creek, within the measured reach of La
Salle's last camp site whose characteristics conform to the
descriptions given in the French diaries.
La Salle's last camp site was on the headwaters of Redd's
Bayou, a tributary of Bodan Creek which flows into the Neches
River, near a ridge about seven miles east-northeast from the
old Indian crossing on the Neches. The little rising ground,
which lay about one hundred yards east of the camp site, and
the small adjacent bottom have been located and identified as
being those described by Henri Joutel on March 20, 1687.
The French journal's descriptions of a pleasanter country
east of the Neches River; the little rising ground and the bot-
tom near La Salle's last camp site; the measurements, two or
three leagues from this Neches River crossing to his last camp
site and full two leagues from that camp site to the place where
he was murdered; the absence of streams crossed on both routes;
and a French "river" whose waters could rise from their normal
low stage to flood crest and recede to their former low level
within, though requiring, two days, fully agree with the Larri-
son Creek country.
Joutel's journal states that La Salle's last camp site was sit-
uated on an Indian trail, in a pleasant country two or three
leagues from the Neches River crossing, and he reached this
location without crossing any other streams. Neither Joutel
nor Douay mentions any streams crossed on La Salle's trip from
his camp site to the place where he was murdered.
The place where La Salle was murdered has been determined
by surveying a measurement of two leagues, the distance given
by Father Douay, along a creekless watershed, west-southwest
from the last camp site to the east bank of Larrison Creek.
La Salle's death occurred in a bend of the creek, the pattern
of which is substantially a triangle somewhat resembling an
inverted letter U whose mouth opens toward the east. The spot
is in latitude 31° 29' north and longitude 94° 55' west in south-
ern Cherokee County, Texas.
La Salle spent a total of sixty-eight days and traveled two
hundred and fifty miles en route from Fort St. Louis to the place
of his death. His diarists recorded the encountering of three
distinct geological formations of importance and thirty-two
French "rivers." In this investigation all have been accounted
for in their proper order, time, and place, and (in order to
establish the location of La Salle's Fort St. Louis and the spot
where he was murdered) each has been identified by its French
or modern name.
In summary, the following conclusions and locations of key
points in the various accounts of La Salle's explorations in the
Texas area are presented in brief outline form:
(1) La Salle's supply ship, the Aimable
was wrecked on a
sand bar in Pass Caballo, the main entrance to Matagorda Bay,
March 20, 1685.
(2) The site of his Fort St. Louis was on the present Dim-
mitt's Point, a little hill running north and south, and was sit-
uated between Venada Bayou and Menefee Bayou, on the west
side of the Lavaca River, about five miles above its mouth, in
southern Jackson County.
(3) The site of Le Boucon, the French slaughter house, was
on Menefee Bayou about a mile north of Fort St. Louis.
(4) La Salle's Princess River was the present Sandy Creek
and the lower portions of the Navidad and Lavaca rivers re-
spectively, from its source to its confluence with the waters of
Lavaca Bay.
(5) The upper portion of the Lavaca River was called First
Cane River.
(6) The upper portion of the Navidad River was called Sec-
ond Cane River.
(7) West Sandy Creek was the upper portion of La Salles
Princess River.
(8) The original Riviere aux Boeufs was the present Lavaca
River.
(9) The Colorado River was La Salle's La Sablonniere River,
which he crossed on January 26, 1687.
(10) The French river, La Maligne, where La Salle recovered
beads from hollow trees and found the American o'possum was
the Brazos River.
(11) La Salle crossed the Brazos River, February 9, 1687,
at the present site of old San Felipe de Austin.
(12) The French discovered the sweet potato, the Indian
toquo, in the present western Montgomery County.
(13) They discovered the Teao Indians, a tribe of the Texas
Indians, where the present village of Dacus, in western Mont-
gomery County, now stands.
(14) La Salle's Misfortune River was the present Trinity.
(15) He crossed the Trinity River on Wyser Shoal, in north-
ern Walker County, March 6, 1687.
(16) The River of Canoes was the present Neches, which
was crossed on March 14, 1687.
(17) La Salle's last camp site was on the headwaters of
Redd's Bayou, southern Cherokee County.
(18) La Salle was killed on the east bank of Larrison Creek
in southern Cherokee County.
(19) The Angelina, the Attoyac, and the Sabine rivers were
called by La Salle the Cenis rivers.
(20) La Salle's Cenis Nation extended at least from the Teao
Village, western Montgomery County, Texas, to the Assony Vil-
lage, central De Soto Parish, Louisiana, a distance of about
two hundred miles.
(21) La Salle's Cenis Village was situated in the eastern part
of the present Shelby County, Texas.
(23) The French found the Caddo Indians on D'Arbonne
Bayou, southwestern Union Parish, Louisiana, June 23, 1687.
De Marie, one of La Salle's men, was drowned in D'Arbonne
Bayou, June 23, 1687.
FOOTNOTES:
1684-7 (Albany, 1906), 65-66. Cited hereafter as Joutel, Journal.
the Mississippi in 1687," in B. F. French (ed.), Historical Collections of
Louisiana, IV, 207. Cited hereafter as Douay, Narrative.
HENRI JOUTEL'S MAP OF LOUISIANA -- DRAWN IN 1713
"P" INDICATES FORT ST. LOUIS
Cunninghame Graham in Texas
MUCH HAS been written, and it is safe to predict that a great
deal more will be written by professionals and amateurs
alike, about the major contribution of foreigners, particularly
the English and the Scotch, to the building of the post-Civil
War cattle empire in Texas and the West. As may be expected,
attention has centered about those English and Scotch invaders
whose operations here prospered or whose ranching ventures
were on so grand a scale as to stimulate much contemporary
and retrospective interest. The histories of the great cattle
companies such as the Texas Land and Cattle Company, the
Rocking Chair Ranche Company, the Matador Land and Cattle
Company, and others which were organized principally by
Scotchmen are known to all who have concerned themselves
with the social and economic history of Texas, and the names
of John Clay, Murdo MacKenzie, W. K. Bell, and other success-
ful Scotch operators are still familiarly mentioned by remi-
niscent cattlemen.
Notwithstanding their justly earned reputation for shrewd-
ness, not all Scotchmen who sought wealth in the cattle business
found it. Many came and saw but failed to conquer, and their
names have thereby been lost to the history books of a people
who have little interest in the unsuccessful. Only when one of
these later on raised his head above the crowd to catch the spot-
light in some other business or profession, has it been worth-
while to break into print with a review of his life including
his failures.
Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham as a cattleman be-
longs in the category of the Scotch failures. That he went on
to gain a considerable measure of fame as politician, reformer,
world traveller, and above all as author of some two dozen
books, unique in style and content ("singularisimo escritor
ingles," W. H. Hudson called him) is reason enough, then, for
looking into his early years when he came to Texas with high
youthful hopes of becoming a Texas cattle king.
Born in London in 1852 Cunninghame Graham was the son
of Major William Bontine of Gartmore, descendant of Scottish
kings, and Anne Elizabeth Fleeming Bontine, half English and
half Spanish daughter of the Honorable Charles Elphinstone
Fleeming, admiral of the British Navy. His early years were
spent principally on his father's estate at Gartmore in Scotland,
but the most pleasant recollections of his childhood were the
repeated long visits with his maternal grandmother on the Isle
of Wight. She was extremely fond of her Scotch grandson and
took great pains to give him a thorough knowledge of Spanish
literature and language. By the hour she would pour into his
eager young mind romantic tales of the adventures in South
America and Mexico of the early Spanish explorers and con-
quistadores. These tales stirred the boy's imagination, and he
quietly made up his mind to test his own fortunes in those
far-away lands.
The opportunity to do so came unexpectedly early in his life,
for at eighteen, becoming impatient with formal educational
training, he sailed with an older friend and his parents' blessing
for Buenos Aires. Eight years—the happiest of his life he
repeatedly said—were spent on the pampas riding with the
gauchos, driving cattle, breaking wild Argentine horses, and,
in general, living the free, roving life of his gaucho companions.
At the end of that time, upon the insistence of his parents, he
returned to Scotland. The maturity acquired during those eight
care-free years, his aristocratic appearance, accentuated by his
shock of unruly red hair and Vandyke beard, and a quixotic,
romantic temperament earned for him the sobriquet of "Don
Roberto" by which name he was affectionately known for the
rest of his life.
Scotland he found a dull place, and, not content to remain
quietly at home, he was soon off to Spain and France. While
riding a spirited horse in Paris, he almost ran down a young
woman in the street. Before he could complete his ceremonious
apology, he had fallen in love with her. A few days later he
and the young lady, Gabrielle de la Balmondiere, a Chilean by
birth, were married.
Back in Scotland with his bride, he prepared to settle down
on the estate at Gartmore. A debt of some half million dollars
was hanging over the estate, and his father, who had inherited
the debt along with the estate, was quite willing to pass on the
inheritance intact to the next generation. Don Roberto and his
new wife, being more practical, began looking about to fine
what they might do to help reduce this debt. At this time, 1879,
English and Scottish financiers were avidly reckoning up then
anticipated profits from investments in American cattle; the
politicians were calling upon the British public to do their duty
by old England and grab off the easy money to be made in the
cattle business in the West; and publishers were cashing in on
the current cattle boom by telling the British public in a con-
stant stream of books and pamphlets just how, when, and where
this easy money was to be made. It seemed that all one had to
do to acquire vast wealth was to invest a few thousand dollars
in cattle, turn the herds loose on the free range of Texas, then
sit down in the shade of a mesquite and watch his thousands
multiply into millions in a few short years. Having had eight
years' experience with cattle and horses on the Argentine pam-
pas, Don Roberto was an easy victim of this national enthusiasm
for cattle. He soon decided that his best chance of mending
the family fortunes depended upon his becoming a Texas cattle
baron. In April, 1879, with his wife and a few thousand dollars
to finance the proposed ranch, he sailed for Texas.
The couple landed at New Orleans but sailed on the next boat
for Brownsville. On his arrival Don Roberto lost no time in
beginning his search for the right location for his ranch. Find-
ing nothing to his liking in that vicinity and discovering that
Brownsville society was "too uncivilized," particularly for his
Paris-educated wife, he prepared to extend his explorations to
the northward. An unfortunate misunderstanding with a
Brownsville citizen hastened his departure. Prudently shaking
the dust of Brownsville from their feet, the couple turned up
next at Corpus Christi. The trip was made overland through
the empire of Messrs. King and Kenedy, two gentlemen about
whose operations Don Roberto subsequently expressed an opin-
ion, which, had it come to their attention, might well have in-
duced them to put a sudden end to his interest in all ranches,
except those reserved for cowmen in Trapalanda. At Corpus
Christi, concluding it would be advisable to provide himself with
a dependable source for saddle stock, a consideration of prime
importance to a cowman soon to become a cattle king, he turned
his attention to finding a ranch suitable for raising horses and
mules.
Corpus Christi, however, turned out to be no more civilized
than Brownsville; furthermore, the ideal spot he had visualized
for his ranch was not to be found in that part of the state. He
managed to get along amicably with the people, especially the
Mexicans, though to his Scotch eyes they appeared indolent and
thriftless. The place seemed to be unendurably hot during the
summer of 1879, and in a few months he began to cast about
for a place more suited to his purpose.
Hearing that San Antonio was a more agreeable place, he
pulled up stakes at Corpus Christi and in August moved on to
San Antonio. From this vantage point he continued his search.
In a few more months, despairing of finding the ideal site and
noting that his capital was rapidly shrinking, he hit upon the
idea of buying cotton, which was cheap, and freighting it to
Mexico, where it was bringing a good price. Accordingly, he
outfitted himself with a wagon train, an ambulance for his wife,
and all the miscellaneous paraphernalia necessary for the jour-
ney, loaded his cotton, and began the long trek to Mexico. After
many adventures on the road, told in detail by Mrs. Cunning-
hame Graham in her book, The
Christ
of
Toro,
the train arrived
in Mexico City. During the months-long journey, however, the
cotton market had gone to pot, and in Mexico he sold his cotton
at a loss. Disheartened by the results of this venture, he sold
his wagons, mules, and equipment and, capitalizing on training
he had received in his youth in Paris, opened a fencing academy.
For the first time since his arrival in America more than a
year before, fortune smiled on him. The academy was a
success, and in a few months he sold it at a handsome profit.
Notwithstanding this stroke of good luck, Don Roberto had
found that living in Mexico for a lone foreigner was a pure
gamble, with life itself the stake. Uncivilized Texas seemed to
offer the better opportunity for living out his allotted span of
years. In any event, he was not yet ready to give up his dream
of becoming a cattle baron, and in the latter part of the year
1880 he and his patient wife turned their faces towards Texas.
Joining a mule train for protection on the hazardous trip, he
and his wife were back in San Antonio after a two months'
journey.
At San Antonio he struck up a friendship with a Mexican
who was looking for a partner to join him in the cattle business.
This seemed to be a fortunate meeting, for the Mexican had the
location but lacked capital, whereas Don Roberto still had
some capital but no location. An agreement between the two
was soon reached, and at long last his grand plan was about
to become a reality. Just where the site of this ranch was is
not known, but the best evidence indicates it was some three
hundred miles west or northwest of San Antonio. That it was
in what was then known as "Indian country" is certain, for,
after turning loose on the range their newly acquired drove of
horses, and after building corrals and a rough ranch house, the
partners returned one day from a provisioning trip to San
Antonio to find the house and corrals burned to the ground, the
horses driven off by the Indians, and the Mexican hands, who
had been left on guard, hiding in the brush. Don Roberto had
used his entire remaining capital in stocking the ranch, and
the theft of his horses and the destruction of his ranch improve-
ments left him penniless.
He rode back to San Antonio and broke the news of this
latest disaster to his wife. Determined to make their way with-
out calling for help from Scotland, the pair now found jobs as
clerks in a San Antonio store. To a restless spirit accustomed
to life in the open, routine work and regular hours soon became
unbearable. With money they had saved at their jobs, Don
Roberto sent his wife to New Orleans where she found a teach-
ing job, while he joined up with an outfit driving cattle from
Mexico into Texas. During the whole of the year 1882 he drifted
from job to job. Some months were passed on an extended
buffalo-hunting expedition to the Texas plains country, and on
one of his jaunts through the western part of the state he met
up with Buffalo Bill at Horsehead Crossing on the Pecos River.
Being an expert horseman, he was not averse to taking a job
breaking and gentling mustangs. He wandered as far west as
New Mexico and Arizona, for he was a tireless rider, and, with
his wife safely settled in civilized New Orleans, he was free to
roam the country at will.
Occasional visits to San Antonio were made during the year.
The San Antonio Evening
Light
of June 30, 1882, carries a
column of personal news dated from Garza's Crossing on the
Medina River, in which appears the following significant para-
graph:
Spence, Jay Gould's right-of-way man in Mexico, gives an account of
his scientific railroad labors, and the diabolical mismanagement of his farm
on the Atascosa. Alec Cass stops and relates stories of desperados in the
Pecos country from which he has just returned. A
young
Scotchman
speaks
of
the
endurance
of
his
Buenos
Ayres
horses
in
comparison
with
the
Texas
stock.
[Italics mine.]
Judged solely by the subject discussed, it is highly probable
that the "young Scotchman" was Don Roberto himself. There
is some internal evidence indicating that he was the author of
this and other Garza's Crossing columns which appeared in
several subsequent issues of the Evening
Light.
For some time
he had been toying with the idea of trying to write, and, with
all his plans for a cattle kingdom wrecked beyond repair, he
was free to try his hand at it. He made repeated efforts to turn
to account his experiences on the ill-fated cotton export venture
by using them as the basis for an acceptable newspaper or
magazine article but finally gave up in despair, complaining that
he was wholly deficient in literary ability. This from the man
who was a few years later to write in sparkling prose such
minor masterpieces as "Niggers," "Success," "Sursum Corda,"
"Might, Majesty, and Dominion," and a hundred others!
Early in 1883 word came from Scotland that his father was
critically ill. He hurried to New Orleans, and he and Gabrielle
sailed on the first boat for Scotland, where in a few months
after their arrival, Major Bontine died, leaving the estate still
burdened with the debt which Don Roberto had set out so hope-
fully to lift four years before.
In 1885 at the November elections Don Roberto stood for
Parliament but was defeated, his socialistic political views be-
ing too advanced for the electorate to accept. Following his
defeat, he returned to Texas for a few months. The January
16, 1886, issue of the San Antonio Daily
Express
carries the
first printing of any story that has been definitely authenticated
as his own. The story occupies the better part of page one of
that issue of the paper and is headed "Swung Into Eternity,"
with the sub-heading "A Mexican Dies Upon the Gallows." The
author gives a complete account of a murder committed by the
Mexican, the incidents leading up to the crime, a description
of the hanging and the behavior of the victim in realistic detail,
then ends his account with a short paragraph thanking the
sheriff of La Salle County (the crime was committed at Encinal)
for his courtesy in permitting the correspondent to interview
the prisoner. The story was later rewritten and published in
one of Cunninghame Graham's early books of tales and sketches,
The
I
pane.
On this second trip to Texas Don Roberto did not long re-
main, for in the latter part of 1886 he was back in Scotland
and was again a candidate for election to Parliament, this time
with success. The story of his stormy six years in the House
of Commons, his fight for social reforms, his championship of
free speech and assembly, which led to his participation in the
long-forgotten "Bloody Sunday" riot in Trafalgar Square, Lon-
don, in November, 1887, his subsequent imprisonment for six
weeks in Pentonville Prison--an experience out of which came
his wryly humorous and heart-warming sketch, "Sursum Cor-
da"--his adventures as a traveller in Morocco, his later life as
writer, his friendships with Joseph Conrad, W. H. Hudson,
W. S. Blount, Morley Roberts, and other notables of the period,
all this may be found in Herbert Faulkner West's book, Robert
Bontine
Cunninghame
Graham,
His
Life
and
Works.
Don Ro-
berto died in his eighty-fourth year while on a visit to Buenos
Aires in 1936.
It is difficult to understand why Cunninghame Graham, most
of whose tales and sketches were, as he said, autobiographical,
wrote so few stories based on his Texas experiences. While
references to Texas habits and customs appear frequently in
his writings, there are in all his books only a scant half dozen
sketches written around his adventures in Texas. He did suc-
ceed at last in making a story out of his Mexican journey, when
he published the sketch "A Hegira" in his book Thirteen
Stories.
"Un Pelado," the story of the murder at Encinal and the con-
sequent hanging of the Mexican victim at Cotulla, was pub-
lished in The
Ipane,
as stated above. "Hope," the title story of
his volume of the same name published in 1910, is an account
of an episode in the life of an old couple who lived up Bandera
way. "A Philosopher" is a charitable treatment of the philoso-
phy of the indolent as exemplified by a San Antonio Mexican.
"Long Wolf" describes the tragic death and burial of an Amer-
ican Indian in London, where he had gone as a performer with
Buffalo Bill's circus.
That Cunninghame Graham did not use his Texas background
more freely in his stories may be attributed to two circum-
stances. First, since he had failed at almost every turn in his ef-
forts to establish himself in the cattle business, his recollections
of Texas must have been principally of reverses and misfortunes
for himself and his young wife, and few men are brave enough
to chronicle their failures. Texans, of course, find it inexplica-
ble that anyone can live in their state for four years and then
go away disgruntled; but to Cunninghame Graham the West
was a place that had "hardships in plenty to offer the educated
man, willing and fit to work, and yet afraid to cheat." Second,
his adventures elsewhere were more spectacular, or certainly
more to his liking, than his Texas fiasco, and since, as he said,
he wrote "to please himself," it is only natural that he should
A word of warning should be dropped here to any unwary
bibliophile who may be interested in looking into some of Cun-
ninghame Graham's books. His books will not suffice as a reg-
ular mental diet. He is to be read only when the intellectual
digestive system requires highly seasoned food. Those who grow
faint at the sight of blood should avoid him as they would a
plague, for blood is usually spilled in plenty when his gauchos
draw their long, vicious knives. Those who are tender on the
church are wise not to bother with an author who can eulogize
the impenitent thief. The advocate of the social status quo
should not stir up his own anger by reading him, and the pro-
fessional reformer will find no plan in all his books for uplift-
ing the masses. But those who in their secret hearts believe
the Anglo-Saxon or the American is of a superior race of men,
foreordained by accident of birth to rule all other races on the
earth, should read Cunninghame Graham and learn humility.
A Check List op the Writings of
R. B. Cunninghame Graham
No definitive bibliography of the writings of R. B. Cunning-
hame Graham has yet been published. Perhaps the best de-
scription of his books available to the public is to be found in
Herbert Faulkner West's Modern
Book
Collecting
for
the
Im
-
pecunious
Amateur,
published in 1936.
The Life and Times of
Minera, Texas
To YOUNG Tod Roy, a mining engineer fresh from Ohio, his
first view of Laredo, Texas, as seen from the arcades of
the dried yellow brick railroad station on a summer morning
in 1895, was like a glimpse into another world. He looked
carefully at the palm trees, mesquite, and huisache lining the
broad street, at the adobe and dried brick houses a story in
height and sprawled out for coolness. This was the county seat,
the site of the International Bridge into Mexico, the last town
before he reached the end of his journey into the wild border-
lands of the Rio Grande. He took another long look before he
turned and walked back through the station to tracks on the
other side, where he boarded the stuffy little passenger car of
the International and Great Northern's branch line that would
carry him to Minera--Minera, Texas. It had a beautiful, rolling
sound, which the young man was beginning to find character-
istic of all Spanish words. Appleton's Spanish-English,
English-
Spanish
Dictionary,
tucked securely under his arm, stated that
"minera" meant "mine which contains metals."
As the little train wheezed, screeched, and finally got off to
a chugging start, Tod Roy settled himself as comfortably as
possible so that he might not miss any of the view from the
dusty, fly-specked windows. He wondered idly who had thought
up the name "Minera." Possibly it was selected by some long-
deceased member of the Texas and New Ireland Land Company,
which was supposed to have been exporting coal from the
region before the days of the Texas Republic,
1 or perhaps it
had been the idea of Governor Hunt, the Colorado owner and
organizer of the Rio Grande Coal Company. At any rate, a
contract for the position of "Superintendent of Mines, Minera,
Texas" was neatly folded into Tod Roy's inner coat pocket. He
wondered why no one had bothered with the coal for nearly
fifty years. He wondered whether the "Border" were really as
rough as he had been led to expect. He wondered whether the lit-
tle train he was riding always looked as deserted as on that day's
trip. Under the influence of the dry shimmering heat, he finally
stopped bothering with thoughts and watched the monotonous
countryside slip by as the train wheezed along in its north-
easterly course from Laredo. Little rounded hills were covered
with loose rocks and grubby chaparral; cactus was everywhere.
Some green mesquite trees in a line suggested the possibility
of a river when and if rain ever fell.
A sudden jolt of the train brought Tod to the realization that
he had been asleep, that it was evening, and that the conductor
was calling out, "Minera, Texas—end of the line." His twenty-
five-mile jaunt by branch line was over; he had arrived. He
stepped from the passenger car onto the waiting platform with
eagerness and barely suppressed excitement. To the right the
same monotonous scenery he had seen all afternoon continued
into the distance. To the left he could discern the small dump
of shale and rock indicating the location of the mine tipple and
the fact that the mine was not very old. A narrow, winding
road led around the mine buildings, tracks, dump, and appar-
ently to the town beyond. A cool southeast breeze which he
knew must be blowing across the waters of the Rio Grande
made the air feel soft and caressing. Somewhere, probably in
one of the miner's houses near by, a guitar was being strummed,
accompanied by a rather melancholy, foreign song. A young
man, who had been regarding the stranger fixedly for several
minutes, left his position by a battered hack and stepped for-
ward to introduce himself.
"Clovis Perone, operator of the general store, and at your
service, Señor."
Roy smiled and held out his hand as he identified himself.
Together they walked to the hack and climbed in. The bony
horses set off at a slow trot around the winding road, past the
general store and the miners' houses, up an incline, past several
decidedly brunette men and women who stared in friendly won-
der, and on to the comfortable, roomy stone house on the
hill overlooking the Rio, the home of the new superintendent of
Minera, Texas.
Even on his first day there Tod Roy liked the place. The
mine produced a good grade of bituminous coal, known as can-
nel,
2 which was shipped over the little branch line to Laredo
for sale to the railroads and for local consumption. The miners,
most of them from Mexico, were the most picturesque, delight-
ful people he had ever encountered. Few could read and write.
Their world was bounded by a circle with a thirty-mile radius,
and they were as free of most of the virtues as they were of
the vices of the civilized world.
The superintendent of the mines was their "boss," justice of
the peace, judge, arbiter, referee, and father confessor. He told
them when to work and when to quit, paid them wages, per-
formed their infrequent marriage ceremonies, and handed out
advice in all matters of dispute, business, or love. It was as
though he had created a small world and to the best of his
knowledge, belief, and sense of humor, was now directing it.
Tod fitted into the picture as though he had been born to it.
He learned Spanish, quickly familiarized himself with the names
of. all the miners and their families and, by the time he had
sent back to Ohio for his wife, was as much a part of Minera
as the mesquite trees and the cactus. Mrs. Roy was quite an
addition to life at Minera, for, aside from her own personal
charm, her presence made it agreeable for two young ladies to
come out from Laredo and conduct a school for the children
of the miners. The lack of some of civilization's virtues exhib-
ited by the inhabitants of Minera, however, at times scandalized
her. In particular, she objected to the utter disregard, prevalent
among many of the people, for such an important institution
as marriage.
"Tod," she would often say, "don't you think that such an
oustanding person in the community as the cantinero
3 should
marry the woman who is living with him as the mother of his
children ? It's disgraceful, and you ought to do something about
it!"
Tod finally agreed and one evening went down the hill to
reproach Julian for his failure to live up to the standards of
respectable society. Julian listened, patiently nodding his head
in absolute agreement with the superintendent's admonishments.
When Tod had concluded, he sadly replied:
"Meester Roy, I have been trying to marry that woman for
fifteen years, and if she would only agree to it, I would be the
most happy man in the world. Would you ask her for me this
time?"
Somewhat surprised, Tod agreed, and after setting forth the
rather delicate case to the lady, was given a most astonishing
reply:
"Meester Roy," she said, "if I married that man my life would
be intolerable. He would be at me and be mean to my children
and run off and make eyes at younger women. If he doesn't
behave himself now, all I have to do is threaten to leave and
take the children with me, and to keep us here he has to be
very good and kind. Why I wouldn't marry him for anything!"
A somewhat bewildered Tod walked slowly home to explain
his defeat in the battle for morality. The matter was terminated
with the status quo when Tod suggested, "After all, my dear,
it would really be much more appropriate for you to handle
the situation from this point on."
The exclusion of the outside world from affairs at Minera
was applied at times even to matters of international impor-
tance, for none of the people really understood why crossing a
river one way or another should be a matter of sufficient im-
portance to necessitate the application of laws. It is highly prob-
able that the superintendent shared this conviction to a certain
extent, and on at least one occasion he behaved in perfect
accord with it.
It was a Saturday afternoon, and the miners had gathered,
as was their custom, at the general store where the superin-
tendent counted out to each man his weekly earnings and then
left him to the mercies of his wife or the cantinero,
whichever
was able to contact him first. On this particular day, as the
money bags were being heaved up onto the counter before the
superintendent, a stranger stepped quickly forward from the
crowd of men and, before anyone realized his intent, had seized
the money, rushed from the store and down to the Rio, where
he leaped into a waiting boat and began furiously rowing his
way across to the Mexican side.
Tod, the first to recover from the general astonishment, leaped
the counter and gave chase to the thief. At the Rio, he com-
mandeered one of several fishing boats moored there and was
soon urging the frightened owner to great feats of oar manipu-
lation in an effort to overtake the fleeing robber rowing ahead.
On the Mexican side of the river, the chase continued on foot
and, as the superintendent was quite athletic, while his victim
was slightly undersized, the culprit was soon apprehended. Tod
seized him by the scruff of the neck and dragged him down to
the Rio; they were rowed back to the American side, the male-
factor was lodged in the local jail, and payday at the mines was
resumed. That an international incident had been disposed of
in a manner perfunctory, though neat, was hardly given a
thought.
As far as relations with the United States were concerned,
Minera was cooperative upon the few occasions when it was
aware of events beyond the village limits. The first time the
matter of county, state, and national elections came to Tod's
attention, he was struck with the thought that there were at
the mine about two hundred potential voters who probably had
never used the privilege to which they certainly were entitled.
Inquiry among the men disclosed that they had never been to
Laredo to vote. Many of them had never even been to Laredo.
Upon having the system carefully explained to them, they be-
came enthusiastic over the idea, and in great exuberance rode
the special train that came out from Laredo to transport them
to the polls on election day.
Roy's instructions as to the manner of voting had been clear
and complete, even including the names of the persons for whom
his men were to cast their ballots, so that the affair was carried
off with marked success. A man at the polls asked the voters
for which candidates they wished to vote; they supplied the
names "Meester" Roy had given them. The man scratched some
marks on a paper and took their names and addresses; they
had the rest of a beautiful afternoon in which to investigate
the huge metropolis of Laredo, and that evening the special
train carried them home from the excursion.
The custom became quite popular, and the men even learned
beforehand when elections were to be held. They would gravely
make a call on Roy to determine the names of the candidates
for whom they were to vote and then hilariously embark upon
the long journey to take part in the operation of this great
American nation of which they were now an active part.
Life went on at Minera in a calm and orderly fashion. The
coal business was good, and Tod's younger brother, Will Roy,
was sent for to assist as mine foreman. The miners held a baile
4
in the schoolhouse every Saturday night, which generally ended
in a tequila
5-inspired brawl toward early dawn. On Sundays
they held cock-fights, and every payday nearly everybody got
drunk at the cantina.
The superintendent and his household
visited friends in Laredo, entertained in turn with boating par-
ties or fishing trips on the Rio Grande, enjoyed the good climate,
and gradually became absorbed in the lethargy of routine.
Then, in 1900, a yellow fever epidemic descended upon the
mining town. The miners lived in the lower portion of the plain
near the Rio where mosquitoes were plentiful; consequently they
were dying of the fever pitifully and rapidly. Tod was nearly
as heartbroken as though he were losing his own children and
spent his days and part of his nights going from one house to
another attempting to do what he could to alleviate the sorrow
and prevent spread of the disease. It was inevitable that he,
too, should contract yellow fever, and he died of the dread
disease just as the epidemic was reaching a turning point in its
path of human destruction. His family requested that he be
buried in Ohio; but, as many a sorrowing miner put it, although
his bones might be resting beneath "foreign" soil, surely his
spirit was still on the banks of his beloved Rio Grande, watch-
ing over the joys and pains of the mineros
6 at old Minera.
When the atmosphere was again clear of disease, mining
operations were resumed, this time under the direction of Tod's
younger brother, Will, affectionately known to the miners as
"Meester Weelie." "Meester Weelie" was amused, as had been
his brother, by the picturesqueness of the town and the gayety
and charm of the inhabitants; but being by nature a more sober
and practical man, he soon initiated various reforms in the
manner of living among the people, requiring all men and
women living together to be married, to send their children to
school, and to refrain from sticking knives into each other at
Saturday night bailes
in the schoolhouse.
International relations continued to be pretty much a matter
of private opinion, and during the Madero Revolution in Mex-
ico, Minera, on two occasions, became actively sympathetic with
affairs across the border.
In the fall of 1910, Francisco I. Madero had left Mexico for
San Antonio, Texas, from which place he issued his call for
revolution and announced the plan of San Luis Potosi.
7 He also
used his visit in the United States to collect arms and ammu-
nition for the soldiers of his revolution against the Diaz Gov-
ernment.
8
It so happened that the general store at Minera, among its
other merchandise, carried a bountiful supply of arms and
ammunition. One November evening in 1910, the storekeeper,
in a state of great excitement, hunted up "Meester Weelie" and
requested his presence at a transaction that had just been
requested. The superintendent accompanied the storekeeper
back to the store, where he found a small, sad-faced Mexican
gentleman, who in perfect English repeated his request for the
sale of as many guns as the store carried in stock. The small
gentleman made no attempt to conceal his identity, and the
superintendent, perhaps knowing or guessing the ultimate pur-
pose of the weapons, approved the sale. Thus Francisco I.
Madero, one of Mexico's greatest heroes, added 240 Texas 30-30
Winchesters, with ammunition, to the backing of his revolution.
The revolt began November 20; after nearly seven months of
fighting, Juarez fell, followed the next month by the capitula-
tion of the Diaz Government.
9 It is quite probable that the
30-30 Winchesters and the ammunition from Minera were used
well and often during those months of bloody civil struggle
across the border.
Minera's sister city over the Rio was the town of Colombia,
Coahuila, a community that took an active part in the Madero
Revolution and, in fact, changed hands several times during
the struggle. The broad, flat roof of the superintendent's house
at Minera formed a ringside seat for several engagements in
Colombia, and more than once the superintendent and his fam-
ily watched routed revolutionists fleeing at the point of bay-
onets as they attempted to run to the Rio and perhaps to safety
on the American side.
During one of these engagements, it was noticed that several
fleeing Maderistas were going to reach the Rio Grande, and Roy
sent his constable down to the water to intercept them if they
chanced to get as far as the American side. The constable, Julian
Alexander, stationed himself at the most likely landing point
and was soon helping the swimmers to dry land and safety.
The spectators hurried on down to the group and upon arrival
discovered that the constable was announcing to each half-
drowned revolutionist as he dragged him out of the swirling
brown waters, "I arrest you in the name of Weelie Roy."
As far as the poor battle-weary culprits were concerned,
"Weelie" Roy might have been the President of the United
States. They all surrendered with meek respect, and about
twenty of them were herded off to the city jail. The United
States Marshal from the county seat was summoned and took
the Mexican patriots to Laredo. What became of them is some-
thing of a mystery, but the general suspicion is that the next
time the town of Colombia changed hands, several of these same
Maderistas made the run toward the Rio, this time behind and
not in front of the bayonets, and that on this occasion no one
was rescued on the American side.
About 1912 floodwaters from the Rio Grande inundated the
mines and made further operations there impossible. Another
shaft was sunk farther inland, and the village of Santo Tomas
came into existence, to be moved still farther inland to Dolores,
with the opening of additional shafts. The miners left Minera
to follow the new workings, and their adobe and grass-brick
houses soon melted into the earth from which they had arisen.
The superintendent's house also was deserted to the elements,
and the general store was dismantled for transfer to new fields.
Santo Tómas had but a brief existence, and Dolores became a
plantation of truck-gardens for, although the land still holds
good bituminous coal, no one in Texas apparently has any fur-
ther use for it. In fact, few are those who even know what the
word "Minera" means. In 1945, in the midst of mesquite brush
and chaparral, the old stone walls of the superintendent's house
furnish a shelter to countless bats who, squeak in horror at the
rare intrusion of human life in their domain. The well-pre-
served cement floors are barely discernible beneath the blown
dry earth that is gradually covering them over, and in another
generation there probably will be no witness remaining who
remembers the gayety and excitement that once was Minera,
Texas, during the birth of the century on Texas' border.
FOOTNOTES:
Papers and Preliminary Reports" (George H. Ashley, The Santo Tomas
Cannel Coal, Webb County, Texas), in Bulletin 691 (Part II, Mineral
Fuels) of the U. S. Geological Survey, pp. 251-270; see also George H.
Ashley, "Cannel Coal in the United States," in Bulletin 659 of the United
States Geological Survey, pp. 121-122.
alcoholic content.
Land Grants and Other Aids
to Texas Railroads
The history of the land grants and other aids to the early
Texas railroads has never been fully and fairly told. The
unfriendly feeling toward railroads in the past was caused in
a large measure by a belief that they had been subsidized, not
just a few of them in the early days, but all of them and for
every mile they built; that they had obtained these aids by
corrupt means; that they had profited enormously thereby; and
that the state had not profited, or least not materially, from
these aids. Many are still prone to let their prejudices against
railroads affect their judgment. Such persons are influenced
too much by their belief that the railroad was guilty of favor-
itism, discrimination, and rebating. It is difficult for them to
forget the sins in times long past of some of the railroads for
which they have paid the penalty in regulatory legislation of
the strictest and most comprehensive kind. But the railroads
are entitled to have their land grants and other aids judged
by themselves. Justice to the railroads, to the state, and to
the truth of history calls for a telling of the great cooperative
undertaking between the state and the railroads. The state was
seeking more people for her vast domain, better means of com-
munication between them, easier exchange of products, and a
closer contact with other states and nations; the railroads were
a willing agency to those ends, but the railroads, unaided, would
have been unable to attain them. These goals were attained
without a single dishonest or unfair act by the railroads, and
the good name of the state was not sullied or her credit im-
paired by her part in this great joint undertaking.
Before considering the circumstances governing the land
grants and state loans, brief mention should be made of other
forms of aids to railroads.
In 1850 Bexar County and the city of San Antonio under
legislative authority made the first issuance of bonds for $50,000
each to the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf Railway Company.
Between 1850 and 1876 six other counties—Brazoria, Walker,
Smith, Anderson, Harrison, and Galveston--issued bonds for a
total of $1,685,000 to secure certain other roads, and nine cities
—Houston, Waco, Dallas, Jefferson, Sherman, McKinney, Hen-
derson, Waxahachie, and Brenham--issued bonds to the extent
of $675,000 for the same purpose. All of the roads except one,
the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf, fulfilled the conditions un-
der which the bonds were issued and met the expectations and
purposes of their donors by providing the transportation facil-
ities promised, enhancing the value of property, and enlarging
or protecting the cities' trade territories. The Constitution of
1876 prohibited such bond issues in the future.
Freedom from taxation was extended only to the Interna-
tional and Great Northern Railroad Company. In 1870 the
"Carpetbag" legislature had granted this road bonds running
for thirty years at eight per cent interest, underwriting the
railway at the rate of $10,000 per mile of track. Bonds valued
at $200,000 were issued, but the comptroller refused to coun-
tersign them, and the state courts upheld his act. The legisla-
ture then compromised with the International and Great North-
ern by giving it a land grant and relieving it from taxation
for twenty-five years.
In making land grants Texas was following the plan adopted
with excellent results by the Federal government. The policy
was more essential in Texas than in the more populous states
since there was not in Texas at that time the population or the
business to warrant the investment of private capital in such
enterprises.
From 1836 to 1852 thirteen charters for railroads were
granted by the Republic and the state. The last charter was
issued on February 10, 1852. Up to that time not one of these
roads had begun construction, and only two of them had done
a little grading. The lawmakers realized that there was not
enough private capital in Texas to finance transportation as in
other states and that the state could not afford to extend aid in
money as many of the older states had done. It was also appar-
ent that aid of some kind had to be given by the state. Texas
had millions of acres of land which was bringing in no revenue
and which was hard to sell at fifty cents an acre because of
lack of transportation facilities. Land grants to railroad com-
panies seemed to be the answer, and in 1852 the first aid of this
kind was given in the charter for the Henderson and Burkville
Railroad--eight sections to the mile. Similar grants were made
in several other charters but with no results. It was decided
that not enough land was being given. In order to double the
grant and to modify and make easier the requirements for
obtaining it, a general law was enacted so that all the world
might know about it. This law was passed on January 30, 1854,
to expire in ten years. The act was later modified, extended,
repealed, re-enacted, and again repealed--all within the twenty-
eight years from 1854 to 1882. These years embraced four
distinct periods:
1. From 1854 to 1869, the law provided for sixteen sections
of land per mile.
2. From 1869 to 1873, the new Constitution prohibited land
grants.
3. From 1874 to 1876, a constitutional amendment permitted
but did not require land grants.
4. From 1876 to 1882, a new land grant law similar to the
original was passed, but it was repealed in 1882.
The original law of 1854 was quite carefully drawn. It pro-
vided for sixteen sections, or 10,240 acres, of vacant unappro-
priated state land to be granted for each mile of track con-
structed after the first twenty-five miles had been completed.
For each section granted the railroad had to survey the adjoin-
ing section for the state schools. The sections were numbered,
the odd numbers for the railroads and the even numbers for
the state. The law also provided that the land granted the
railroads must be alienated, one-fourth in five years and one-
fourth in each two years thereafter. This provision was later
modified and extended, but all of the land was eventually to be
alienated. The requirement that twenty-five miles of road be
in operation before land grants were made proved a detriment
to building and was modified to permit grants after grading a
lesser number of miles. During the twenty-four years the law
was in effect, according to statement made on October 19, 1916,
by J. T. Robison, State Land Commissioner, certificates entitling
the railroads to 38,735,360 acres were granted. On these cer-
tificates 35,777,038 acres were granted. The railroads lost 908,-
800 acres because of conflict with older valid surveys, 1,124,697
because of lands' not being subject to location, and 1,316,383
acres found by the courts to have been granted illegally. There
was no taint of fraud or corruption in connection with the
illegal land grants. The lands were granted under the law as
construed by the governors and commissioners of the Land
Office. In deciding one of the suits brought by the state to
recover land granted to one of the railroads for construction
of side tracks, the Supreme Court of Texas said, as reported
in 81 Texas 589:
There was no concealment, artifice, or fraudulent device of any character
in the procurement of certificates for sidings. The certificates were openly
demanded and were found by the Commissioner of the General Land Office
without question under what might reasonably have appeared to him the
uniform ruling in the case. This is a case of excessive grant wholly un-
tainted by fraud.
The net amount of land received and held was 32,153,878
acres. These grants were made to forty-three railroads for
2,928 miles out of a total of 17,078 miles of track in Texas on
December 31, 1932. Of the forty-three roads, four, with a
mileage of ninety-nine miles, have been abandoned, leaving
2,829 miles of existing mileage for which land was granted.
Of this, 468 miles were built before the Civil War; this mileage
had to be rebuilt after the War, for which rebuilding no land
was granted. The railroads did not receive land for all the
mileage built before the law was repealed in 1882. Up to that
time they had built 4,813 miles. Had they been granted sixteen
sections per mile for all of this, they would have received 49,-
285,120 acres instead of 32,153,878 acres. The land grant law
was repealed in 1882 because the vacant public land was ex-
hausted. Seven roads were then building, and during 1882 they
completed 1,096 miles for which they had expected to receive
9,512,960 acres. The Texas railroads should have received a
total of 58,798,472 acres at the end of 1882 for mileage actually
built. Thus the railroads built 14,249 miles for which they
received no land.
Much has been said about the value of the lands the state
granted the railroads. In an article in the Dallas News
of June
4, 1911, J. A. Arnold, secretary-manager of the Commercial
Secretaries and Business Men's Association, showed that eighty-
four per cent of all of these lands were located in West Texas,
no part of which was served by a railroad until many years
afterwards. It was then difficult to sell this land at fifty cents
an acre. There have been many estimates of the amount the
railroads received for their lands. An Interstate Commerce
Commission investigation in 1913 seeking to arrive at a valua-
tion for the railroads found record on 27,926,563 acres for
which the roads received net $37,116,874, or an average of
$1.34 per acre.
What benefits did the state derive from these grants? Fore-
most were the increase in immigration, the settlement of lands,
the increased production and value of farm products, stimula-
tion of industry, and increased taxable values.
In 1850, before any railroad was built, the population of
Texas was 212,592. In 1860 Texas had 307 miles of railroad
and her population was 604,215. In 1870, despite the Civil War,
population had risen to 815,519. This represented a greater
increase in railroad building and in population than in any
other of the former Confederate states. In 1880 Texas had
3,244 miles of railroad and a population of 1,591,749; in 1890,
5,410 miles and a population of 2,235,527. Many of the cities,
such as Dallas, Waco, Austin, Sherman, Corsicana, and Deni-
son, grew rapidly.
Taxable values in the state increased from $51,814,615 in
1850 to $292,315,659 in 1860, and from $311,470,736 in 1885
to $886,175,395 in 1890. Railroads made lumber and livestock
industries profitable and stimulated farming. The state did not
benefit at first from an enhancement in value of the lands sur-
veyed by the railroads because of their remoteness. When the
railroads finally built into West Texas, however, these lands
sold readily. Fortunately, though, much of the territory re-
mained in the possession of the state. Oil was discovered early
in the 1900's on some of the land not sold, and the State School
Fund has been enriched to the extent of about $50,000,000 from
royalties on this and other land which continues to bring in
several millions a year. During the years the railroads were
trying to sell their lands, they paid many millions in taxes to
the state and counties. Many of the courthouses in West Texas
were paid for by taxes on railroad land grants before there
were any railroads in the counties.
The other important aid to railroad building was the loan of
state funds. Often referred to as subsidies, the loans were
really an investment, amply secured by first mortgage bonds,
which proved to be one of the wisest ever made by Texas or
any other state.
In 1850 Texas made a settlement with the United States of
the dispute concerning her western boundary. When Texas was
admitted to the Union in 1845, she claimed all the territory
east of the Rio Grande to the border of the old Louisiana terri-
tory. The United States claimed much of this same territory.
In 1850 the United States agreed to pay Texas about $10,000,000
for the 63,000,000 acres involved--about fifteen cents an acre.
After settling all of the debts of the Republic, Texas had about
$5,000,000 left. She put $2,000,000 of this fund into what was
called the Special School Fund. Since the railroads were having
difficulty borrowing money to pay for rails, the state offered to
loan them from this fund $6,000 a mile at eight per cent inter-
est, the loan to be made on the completion of twenty-five miles
and the grading of twenty-five miles more. The loan was to be
secured by first mortgage bonds on the railroad. Between 1856
and 1860 loans were made to six railroads. None was able to
repay until after the Civil War. Later five of the railroads
repaid their loans, and the state foreclosed on one. The total
of the loans to the six roads was $1,816,500. Principal and
interest repaid amounted to $4,271,965.08. In all the annals of
finance, public or private, it would be hard to find a loan with
returns to match. Governor Hogg in a speech at Wills Point
on April 22, 1892, said,
With the wreck of war involving the desolation of homes, waste of
fortunes, and repudiation of public and private obligations, there were
few or no securities that survived except these very railroad bonds in
which the School Fund had been invested. There was less loss to the
School Fund from that investment than from any other securities, either
private or public known to the authorities of the state.
The Citizens White Primary of
Marion County
Marion County is one of the few counties in Texas in which
the negro population is larger than the white. United
States official census records of 1890 showed 7,001 negroes and
3,861 white persons; approximately the same relative ratio or
percentage existed in 1940 when the United States Census
listed the population as 6,716 negroes and 4,740 whites. At the
close of the War between the States, the uneducated, former
slaves were easy prey for the hordes of carpetbaggers who
swept down from the North, and the numerical preponderance
of the negroes enabled them to control the county elections.
Unscrupulous candidates were more readily willing to pay the
price for these votes than were the more decent citizens con-
testing for public office. The negroes were thoroughly organ-
ized throughout the county, and one or more of the most intelli-
gent in each community acted as the boss or leader of his
particular group in much the same pattern as has been prac-
ticed by certain political leaders of the present day. Blocks of
votes were delivered at so much per vote in cash, with a little
extra money and whisky for the "boss." The amount charged for
a candidate was based upon the salary for the particular office;
the candidates for the more lucrative jobs had to pay more than
aspirants to the minor ones. It is recounted, however, that in
more than one instance the political leader would accept money
from more than one candidate for the same office, as there was
no element of scruple or honesty involved in this nefarious
practice.
This unwholesome custom, because of the preponderance of
negroes and because there seemed to be no practicable way of
putting a stop to the practice, lingered on in Marion County
for thirty years following the Civil War. The situation had
become so intolerable and politics had reached such a low ebb
in 1897 that some of the citizens of Jefferson and different points
in the county met in secret session and organized what might
now be called a Vigilantes Committee for the purpose of putting
a stop to the buying of elections. No minutes or records were
ever kept of any of the meetings, and the membership was kept
more or less a secret to protect the participants in case some
of their acts should run afoul of Federal law. Judge T. D.
Rowell of Jefferson, the only known survivor of this group,
takes pride today in the part he had in the movement seeking
to purify the elections of the county.
It was the usual custom for the negroes to hold meetings in
the various communities to receive instructions on voting, to
divide the spoils, or to hear a candidate invited to appear before
the group. The first step of the new committee was to break up
the holding of these meetings. Having received prior notice of
a meeting, members of the committee secreted themselves in the
woods surrounding the church or schoolhouse where the meet-
ing was to be held. When the leader and more prominent ne-
groes of the group appeared, they were met by several men
who stated in words which could not be misunderstood that the
meeting would not be held that night and that there would be
no trouble if all returned peaceably to their homes. It could be
easily determined by the threatening tone of their voices and
the stern expressions on their faces that these men meant what
they said, and most meetings disbanded without much protest.
If any negro was recalcitrant, he was escorted to his home and
warned of what might happen to him if he chose further to
disregard their advice. Two uncooperative bosses were killed at
Jefferson by unknown persons as an aftermath of this develop-
ment.
Although from a practical standpoint this committee almost
eliminated the evil, it realized that some institution had to be
inaugurated to put an end for all time to corruption by use of
negro votes in elections. For this purpose the Citizens White
Primary was organized. In the spring of 1898, over four hun-
dred white men from all parts of Marion County met in the
courthouse at Jefferson. The meeting was called to order by
Davis Biggs, a veteran of the Civil War; William Clark was
elected chairman; and Captain W. S. Haywood was elected
secretary. Resolutions were adopted setting up what was called
a Citizens White Primary. A Citizens County Executive Com-
mittee was selected consisting of a chairman, a secretary, and
twelve committeemen. Two committeemen were selected from
each of the six justice's precincts of the county. The following
account of the organizational meeting appeared in the Jefferson
Jimplecute:
The Citizens White Primary Meeting at the Court House Last
Saturday.
In obedience to the call for a meeting of citizens to organize a non-
political white primary to elect a citizens ticket for Marion county, some
four hundred of our best white men from all parts of the county met at
the court house last Saturday, at 2 o'clock P.M., and the following proceed-
ings were held:
The meeting was called to order at 2:15 by Mr. Davis Biggs, with a
motion to elect Mr. Wm. Clark chairman which was unanimously adopted.
On taking the chair Mr. Clark said:
"My friends I thank you for the honor you have conferred on me in
calling me to preside over this meeting, especially do I appreciate this
honor when I remember the purpose for which we have assembled, and
the motive that prompted the assembling, and especially when I look out,
around and about me and see the interest manifested in this meeting by
so many from all parts of this county, coming as you do in person and
by signed petition, from nearly if not from all the various walks of life.
My friends, we are not here as politicians to build up or pull down any
political party, we are not here as political talkers, political speakers,
political schemers or political tricksters, we are not here with any praises
to bestow or condemnations to offer, we are not here with any friends to
favor or enemies to persecute, we are not here in the interest of any man
or any set of men, we are here simply as a band of law-abiding citizens
linked together by the solemn ties and pledges of signed petitions in the
interest of Marion county and Marion county alone, to devise ways and
means by which she can be taken and lifted from the low plain to which she
has fallen morally, by reason of the unholy, immoral, disgusting and de-
grading influences and conditions that face and surround every campaign
that has been conducted within her borders for the last ten or fifteen years,
at which her people have become supremely disgusted, and to which they will
no longer submit, and if possible place her upon a high plain morally, where
she rightfully belongs, the peer of any county in Texas, and thusly enable us
to throw aside the unkind criticisms so often thrust at us by the outside
world, from the gateway at Texarkana to the exit at El Paso. We are
here realizing the fact that we, as a people, are responsible for these
influences and conditions and that we, as a people, have the legal and
moral right and it is our duty to correct these evils and change these
conditions, and it is for this purpose that we are here assembled. Be-
lieving as we do that the public offices of this or any other county, are
but public trusts to be given out by the public as a reward for merit, and
not purchased as an article of commerce from an illiterate, irresponsible
and non-tax paying people, who have no interest in the office or officers
save and except the interest of a few paltry dollars they receive for their
vote, just like they would for an article of commerce that they might
perchance be in possession of. Believing as we do that the officers should
be responsible to the tax payers and amenable thereto, and believing fur-
ther, that the officers should be elected to the position they seek without
cost to themselves--thus enabling them to apply the proceeds and emolu-
ments of the office to the support of their families and the upbuilding of
their county instead of being forced to scatter it to the four winds of
heaven and thereby benefiting no one. We have therefore assembled to
form and execute plans that will guarantee this to every one that may
hereafter become a candidate, and to throw around him the strong pro-
tecting arm of a citizenship that will lift him up and beyond the disgusting
and disgraceful scenes of the past. To this end my friends, I ask you to
exercise your cool, calm, deliberate, and best judgment to throw the mantle
of charity over the faults and foibles of every one whatever they may be,
let brotherly love prevail, and whatever you say or do, either by word or
resolution let it be said and done to the honor and glory of God, with an
eye singled alone to the up-building of Marion county and her interest.
If you will but do this your efforts will be crowned with success. Until
you do this my friends, you can never go out into the world and ask others
to come in and cast their lot with you, and until this is done, your barren
fields and humble homes, that now tell the sad story of poverty, and your
vacant dwellings, empty stores and deserted property that stand today as
a monument to misguided judgment, will never bear the marks of pros-
perity."
When on motion Capt. W. S. Haywood was unanimously elected sec-
retary.
The chair announced the meeting ready for such business that might
properly come before it. When S. W. Moseley moved that a committee of
six, one from each justice precinct be appointed on Resolutions. Motion
unanimously adopted and the following committee appointed to wit:
Whereas, the disgraceful influences, disgusting and grossly immoral
practices surrounding the candidacy, campaigns and elections of County
and Precinct officers of Marion County, during the past, have been so
shameful and shocking to the moral sense of all respectable citizens of
the county, rendering our campaigns one long continued series of daily
and nightly orgies of the most abhorent and intolerable nature, corrupting
in the extreme, and paralizing to all business interest, and viewing with
grave and serious concern this appalling state of affairs, which is becoming
amazingly more threatening, outrageous, and horrifying as each election
approaches, and whereas we believe it the duty of all good citizens irre-
spective of party to unite for the purpose of ridding our County of these
growing evils, and relieving all candidates for office of these baneful
influences,
therefore be it resolved:
I. That we favor a Primary Election for the nomination of all candi-
dates for County and Precinct officers of Marion County, and cordially
invite all white voters of the County, regardless of party or political
creed, sympathizing with the objects and purposes of this movement, and
favoring reform in Marion County politics, who will support all the nom-
inees of said Primary at the next ensuing general election, to participate
in said Primary Election.
II. That said Primary Election shall be by ballot under the supervision
of the Citizens County Executive Committee hereinafter provided for, and
shall as near as practicable conform to the Election Laws of Texas, sub-
ject however to such alterations and changes as may be made by said
Citizens County Executive Committee; and that we will support no candi-
date for any county or precinct office at the general election in November
next who, from any cause whatever, fails to submit his name and absde
[sic] the result of the said Citizens Primary Election hereafter to be held.
III. We favor the immediate selection of a Citizens County Executive
Committee consisting of a Chairman, a Secretary and twelve Committee-
men. Said twelve Committeemen shall be composed of two men from each
of the six Justice's Precincts of the County. Said Committee shall serve
for two years, or until the election of their successors by competent author-
ity, and shall have authority, to fill all vacancies on said Committee, to
appoint all managers to hold said Primary Election, designate the date
of holding same, the time when and the places when the polls shall be
opened and closed, make and prescribe the rules and regulations to govern
the same, furnish said managers with the names of all candidates to be
voted for in said Primary, receive, open, canvas and estimate said returns
and declare the result of said Primary Election, appoint all necessary
sub-committees and to do and perform everything necessary to insure a
fair and impartial Primary and the election of all the nominees of said
Primary at the next general election of the current year.
S. W. MOSELEY,
W. C. Jones,
J. W. Mims,
W. B. Stallcup,
A. B. Flint,
C. J. Simmons,
Committee
Resolutions adopted.
Upon motion of R. R. Taylor the same committee was appointed to
suggest to the meeting the names of proper persons for the Citizens County
Executive Committee. After recess the committee reported to the meeting
the names of the following persons who were unanimously chosen the
Citizens County Executive Committee to wit:
William Clark chairman, George W. Brown secretary.
Precinct No. 1. J. W. Mims, E. O. Taylor.
Precinct No. 2. J. A. Simmons, M. D. Kelly.
Precinct No. 3. W. B. Ward, George W. Grubbs.
Precinct No. 4. W. C. Jones, A. J. Carter.
Precinct No. 5. J. B. Moseley, William Mackey.
Precinct No. 6. A. B. Flint, Clint Lindsay.
In declaring the meeting adjourned Mr. Clark said:
"My friends, before declaring this meeting adjourned I desire to thank
you kindly for your attention, and the assistance you have rendered in my
effort to preside over the meeting and earnestly ask that as we each pass
out of the door let us leave behind all differences, all prejudices, and each
place his shoulder to and roll the movement on, and on until it will reach
such magnitude that no one will be found to face and oppose it. Then the
white winged messenger of love will throw around us the mantle of pros-
perity, beneath which we can rest in peace, happiness and contentment."
Upon motion the meeting adjourned.
William Clark, Chairman.
W. S. Haywood, Secretary.
The function of the executive committee was to set the date
for holding the Citizens White Primary Election, usually about
three months in advance of the state-wide primary election held
in July, to assess the amount to be charged each candidate to
defray expenses of holding the election, and to have general
control and supervision over all matters that might arise out
of the election. The executive committee was the only body to
which an appeal might be addressed by anyone seeking redress
for any alleged irregularity or controversy that might arise
from the holding of any election. The committee was a purely
voluntary association of individuals acting independently of any
election laws, state or federal. The Jimplecute
carried the fol-
lowing report of the activities of the executive committee:
Committee Decides Election will be
Held on Thursday, July 21
The Citizens' County Executive Committee of Marion county, Texas,
met on Friday, April 29, 1898, at 2 o'clock p.m. at the rooms of Jefferson
Commercial Club. The following committeemen were present to-wit: Wm.
Clark, G. W. Brown, E. O. Taylor, M. D. Kelly, J. A. Simmons, W. B.
Ward, G. W. Grubbs, W. C. Jones, A. J. Carter, J. B. Moseley, William
Mackey and Clint Lindsey. The following proceedings were had to-wit:
It was decided by the committee that five committeemen shall constitute
a quorum for the transaction of any business that comes before the com-
mittee and that all questions that come before the committee shall be
determined by a majority vote of the committeemen present. In order to
defray expenses of the primary election to be held on July 21st, 1898,
including printing of tickets, making ballot boxes, etc., all candidates for
county offices will be required to pay to the chairman of the committee
one dollar and each candidate for precinct office to pay fifty cents. It was
also decided by the committee that every candidate shall send to the chair-
man of this committee his announcement for office and his pledge to abide
the result of said primary together with fee required, at least ten days
before the 21st day of July, 1898, in order that his name shall appear
upon the ticket.
Thursday, July 21, 1898, was selected as the date of the primary election
and the polls will be opened from 9 a.m. to 6 o'clock p.m. at the following
voting precincts in the county to-wit:
Goolsby-—H. A. Mims, manager, George Goolsby and Jim Wimberly as
Judges.
Kellyville—A. F. Hancock, manager, C. W. Loomis and J. N., Kelley,
judges.
Lasater—T. W. Allsup, manager, C. J. Simmons and C. J. Skinner,
judges.
Court House—T. J. Rogers, manager, Davis Biggs and Genio Raines,
judges.
New Prospect--Frank McAdoo, manager, H. F. Suber and W. F. Cox,
judges.
Brooks School House--F. M. Taylor, manager, J. J. Hasty and J. A.
Sharp, judges.
Smithland--W. B. Stallcup, manager, M. M. Morgan and L. F. Hartzo;
judges.
T. H. Little's Place--T. H. Little, manager, Tump Little and Robert
Taylor, judges.
Roger's Place—Lee High, manager, F. M. Wood and N. A. Gatlin,
judges.
It was further agreed that managers of election shall make or cause
to be made triplicate returns of said Primary election one copy of which
shall be placed in the ballot box; one kept by the manager and the other
together with the ballot box containing all the ballots cast to be turned
over to the committeeman of that voting precinct by the manager as soon
as the ballots are counted and the said committeeman shall deliver the
same to the chairman of this committee by 2 o'clock p.m. on the day after
the primary.
It was further agreed that in case any candidate shall desire to contest
the election on the ground that the vote has not been fairly counted, shall
file his complaint with the chairman of this committee within ten days
after the said Primary when it shall at once be the duty of said Citizen's
County Executive Committee to assemble and open the ballot boxes and
recount the ballots in the presence of the said candidate at a time and
place to be designated by this committee.
It was further directed that all the officers of election shall take the
oath prescribed for officers of election under the election laws of the state
and that the executive committeeman of each voting precinct is authorized
to fill all vacancies in officers of election in their respective voting pre-
cincts should any occur. The following committees were appointed to-wit:
Finance, W. B. Ward, Printing, G. W. Brown; Ballot boxes, W. C. Jones.
Each executive committeeman was constituted a special committee to see
that the ballot box, tickets and stationery for his voting precinct is on
hand at the proper time. The chairman of this committee was directed to
give notice through the Jimplecute
of the time and designation of voting
places for said primary election. The secretary was also directed to notify
each manager and judge of election of his election to act in the primaries.
Friday, July 22nd, 1898, was designated as the day for canvassing the
returns of said primary.
Every motion made was unanimously adopted and perfect harmony pre-
vailed in the committee.
On motion adjourned subject to call of the chairman.
Wm. Clark, Chairman
G. W. Brown, Secretary
The sole purpose of the primary was to select a nominee to
go
on the state ticket in July. The organization was without
legal status in the state political setup, and the elections were
purely elimination contests held within the county. Such con-
tests conflicted with no state election law. All white voters and
candidates for office regardless of party or political creed could
participate in the election, the only restriction being against
negroes' seeking nominations or voting in the primary. A pledge
that he would support the nominees of the White Primary was
exacted from each candidate. It is significant that G. W. Brown,
a Republican, served as secretary at the meeting of the execu-
tive committee held on April 29, 1898. A Republican, who for-
merly served as Postmaster at Jefferson under the Republican
administration, was nominated in the White Primary and is at
the present time an officeholder in Marion County. When ne-
groes do vote in the regular state elections in November, there
is on the ballot only one candidate for each elective office in
Marion County, this being the candidate chosen in the White
Primary.
Meetings have continued to be held every two years, at which
a new executive committee is selected to serve the next two
years. At each meeting the old organization is entirely dis-
solved and a new one formed, and the original Resolutions of
1898 together with all amendments thereto are then readopted.
There have been few amendments, and the system is still per-
petuated in 1946 as originally established.
The citizens of Marion County found that the White Primary
operated to their advantage in more than one particular. In
so far as the purchase of the negro votes was concerned, it
eliminated graft and corruption at the polls. At the same time,
a more convenient date for holding the election was established.
The election was usually held in April with the run-off, when
necessary, a few weeks later. The early election was easier on
the candidates for the campaigns were shortened to only six
weeks, a reduction of about three months. The farmers also
benefited, since their busiest farming season, when they were
plowing and planting crops, was no longer interrupted by cam-
paigning candidates. The chief drawback of the system was
that the number of votes cast in the state elections was always
much smaller than that polled in the White Primary. This was
true because the voters were much more interested in who was
going to serve them as sheriff and as county judge for the next
two years than in who was to sit on the Supreme Court of Texas.
The White Citizens Primary has operated quite successfully
in Marion County. Up to the present time, there has never been
a single violation of the pledge required of each candidate. Fur-
thermore, the candidate selected in the White Primary has never
been opposed in the following general election.
Check List of Texas Imprints
1846-1876
Edited by
E. W. WINKLER
Editor's
Note:
The following is the twelfth installment of Mr. Winkler's "Check List of
Texas Imprints, 1846-1876." In the first installment, which appeared in the April, 1943,
Quarterly,
Mr. Winkler requests any person having knowledge of any additional item which
should appear on the list to write him in care of The University of Texas Library, Austin 12,
Texas. It is expected that any information thus received will be utilized in subsequent re-
printings of this biblography.
The
Aransas
road
company.
Circular. The Aransas road company has the necessary legal
privileges, in connection with an eligible locality, on Aransas
bay, for making an important port, with the further privilege
of making a railroad from Aransas harbor to the Rio Grande.
.. . [An appeal for prompt support.] Pryor Lea, president of
the Aransas road company. Goliad, Texas, February 15th, 1859.
[n.p.] Broadside. 1 p. 21 x 27.3 cm. (16.5 x 23 cm.) 1115
TxU.
Armstrong,
James.
Some facts on the eleven league controversy. By James Arm-
strong, of Williamson county. Austin: Printed at the Southern
Intelligencer book establishment, 1859. 17 p. 23.5 cm. 1116*
TxU (photostat).
Austin
college.
Huntsville,
Texas.
Addresses at the inauguration of Rev. Rufus W. Bailey, A. M.,
as president of Austin college, Huntsville, Texas, February 18,
1859. Houston: Printed at the Telegraph book and job estab-
lishment. 1859. 32 p., 1 l. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1117
Cover title.
CSmH. DLC. MHi. NcMHi. PPPrHi. TxDaM. TxU.
Austin
collegiate
female
institute.
Austin,
Texas.
Catalogue of the trustees, faculty and students of the Austin
collegiate female institute for the year ending June 23, 1859.
Austin: Printed at the "Gazette" book and job office. 1859.
16 p. 21 cm. ppw. 1118
TxU (photostat).
Austin,
Texas.
Charter and city ordinances of the city of Austin. Austin.
Printed at the "State Gazette" job office. 1859. 55, iii p. 20
cm. 1119
TxU.
Baker & Smyth [general store.] We are now receiving our
fall supplies, ... Baker & Smyth, Pecan St. [Sept. 20, 1859.]
Austin, Intelligencer pr[int.] Folder with one page of print.
19.5 cm. 1120
TxU.
Baker's select school for young ladies. .. . [Announcement
of the opening of the fourth session, February 7, 1859, with
names of faculty and departments.] Thomas Baker. Austin.
[Jan. 1st, 1859.] Folder with one page of print. 24.5 cm. 1121
TxU.
Inaugural ball of Gov. Sam Houston to be given at the Cap-
itol in the city of Austin, December 21, 1859. ... Intelligencer
print, Austin. Folder with one page of print. 18 cm. 1122
The invitation is dated December 3, 1859.
Tx. TxM. TxU.
Ladies Mt. Vernon association benefit! Grand gift entertain-
ment!! at Peck hall, Thursday evening, June the 9th, 1859.
[Austin.] Broadside. Ip. 19.5 x 44 cm. (16.5 x 37.7 cm.) 1123*
TxU.
Mails. Arrivals & departures at Austin, Texas. [Austin:]
State Gazette print. [1859?] Broadside. 1 p. 23 x 59.5 cm.
(19.5 x 53.5 cm.) 1124*
TxU.
Wonderful, startling, and amusing experiments ... at Peck
hall, Tuesday ev'ng, Aug. 9. Mago del Mage, the celebrated
magician and wizard!! ... Intelligencer pr., Austin. [1859?]
Broadside. 1 p. 26 x 55.2 cm. (20.5 x 48 cm.) 1125
TxU.
Baptists.
Texas.
Proceedings of the Austin Baptist association, held with the
Walnut Creek church, September 24, 25, 26, 27, 1859. Officers:
E. D. Townes, moderator, L. M. Mays, treasurer, G. D. Glas-
ock, clerk. Austin: Printed at the Southern Intelligencer book
ffice. Price of printing $26.00. 1859. 16 p. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1126
Cover title.
TxU.
Minutes of the Bethlehem association, held with Jasper
church, Jasper, Texas, October, 1859. Jasper, Texas: Printed
at the job office of the "East-Texas Clarion," 1859. 7 p. 21.5
cm. 1127
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the tenth anuual session of Central Baptist asso-
ciation, held with Providence church, in Melrose, commencing
the 24th of September, 1859. Anderson: Printed at the Texas
Baptist book and job office. 1859. 13 p. 20.5 cm. 1128
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the Cherokee Baptist association, held with Zion
church, Anderson county, Texas, commencing October Bth, 1859.
Tyler, Smith county, Texas. "Tyler Reporter" print. 1859. 16
p. 21.5 cm. 1129
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the Colorado association, held with Old Caney
Baptist church, Wharton county, Texas, on Friday the 16th of
September, 1859. Anderson: Printed at the Texas Baptist book
and job establishment, 1859. 15 p. 20 cm. 1130
TxFwSB.
Eastern Baptist convention of Texas. Session 1859. [Met
with the Baptist church in Bonham, June 25, 1859.] [n.p.] 16
p. 21 cm. ppw. 1131
Cover title.
NHC-S. TxU.
Minutes of the fifth annual meeting of Little River associa-
tion of Baptists, held with Elm Grove church, Williamson coun-
ty, Texas, on Friday the 16th of September, 1859. Anderson:
Printed at the Texas Baptist book and job establishment. 1859.
15 p. 22 cm. 1132
NHC-S (typed copy) TxFwSB.
Minutes of the third annual session of the Mount Zion asso-
ciation, held with Mount Carmel church, Rusk county, Texas,
September, 1859. Anderson: Texas Baptist power press print.
1859. 14 p. 22 cm. 1133
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the Red River association of Baptists, held with
Mount Moriah church, Bowie county, Texas, in October, 1857.
[And with Clarksville church, Red River county, in May, 1858.]
Anderson: Printed at the "Texas Baptist" book and job estab-
lishment. 1859.
Minutes of the Red River association of Baptists, held with
Concord church, Red River county, in October, 1858. Anderson:
Printed at the Texas Baptist book and job office. 1859. 15,
[l]p. ppw. 21 cm. 1134
The minutes for 1857 and 1858 are printed in one pamphlet. The cover
title reads "Red River association, sessions 1857 & 1858."
NHC-S. TxFwSB.
Minutes of the first annual session of the San Antonio River
association, held with Cibolo church, Guadalupe county, Texas,
commencing on Friday the 12th of August, 1859. Anderson:
Printed at the Texas Baptist book and job establishment. 1859.
16 p. 21 cm. 1135
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the convention and first annual session of the San
Marcos association, held with Elm Grove church, November,
1858. And Shiloh church, September, 1859. Anderson: Texas
Baptist power press print. [1859] 16 p. 21.5 cm. 1136
NHC-S. TxFwSB.
Minutes of the seventh annual session of Sister Grove asso-
ciation, held with Rehoboth church, Fannin county, Texas, Sep-
tember 9th, 10th and 12th, 1859. Bonham, Texas: "Era" print.
1859. 11, [6]p. 22 cm. 1137
NHC-S. TxFwSB.
Minutes of the twelfth annual session of the Baptist state
convention, of the State of Texas, held, at Waco, McLennan
county, commencing- Oct. 22nd and closing Oct. 26th, 1859. An-
derson: The Texas Baptist power press print. 1859. 23, [l]p.
1 table. 22.5 cm. ppw. 1138
NHC-S. PCA. TxFwSB. TxU. TxWB.
Report on the legal relations of Baylor university, to the Bap-
tist state convention of Texas. Waco: Published by order of
the Convention. October, 1859. 19 p. 22 cm. ppw. 1139
TxFwSB. TxU.
Minutes of the Tryon association, held with Laurel Hill
church, at Cold Springs, Polk county. Commenced on Saturday,
Sept. 3d; closed on Tuesday, Sept. 6th, [1859.] [n.p. n.d.] 11,
[3] p. 20.5 cm. 1140
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the twentieth annual meeting of the Union Bap-
tist association, held with the Post Oak Grove church, Grimes
county, Texas, commencing Sept. 30th and closing Oct. 3d, 1859.
Anderson: The Texas Baptist power press print. 1859. 16 p.
1 table. 21.5 cm. 1141
NHC-S. TxFwSB. TxU.
Barrett
v.
Kelley.
Robert T. Barrett, et al. vs. John & Hugh B. Kelley, in Texas
Supreme court, October term, 1859. Appellees' brief, by A. J.
Evans. Austin: Printed by Miner, Lambert & Perry, Intelli-
gencer office. 1859. 12 p. 20.7 cm. 1142*
TxU.
Baylor
university.
Independence,
Texas.
Eighth annual catalogue of the trustees, professors and stu-
dents of Baylor university. Male department. Independence,
Texas, November 26, 1859. Galveston: Printed at the "News"
book and job establishment. 1859. 36, [1] p. 22 cm. ppw. 1143
Tx.
Burlage,
John.
Abstract of valid land claims, compiled from the records of
the General land office and Court of claims of the State of Texas,
by John Burlage and J. P. Hollingsworth. Austin, Texas:
Printed by John Marshall & co., at the State Gazette office.
1859. vi., [I], 670 p. 25.2 cm. 1144
CtY. DLC. In-SC. MH-L. MoKCM. NN. NNLI. Tx. TxBea. TxElp.
TxH. TxU. TxWB.
Butler,
Geo.,
trustee.
Valuable lands in the counties of Robertson and Leon! 14,000
acres of land is offered for sale on the Navasota, and near the
line of the Central rail road. ... Geo. Butler, trustee for credi-
tors. Galveston, April 26, 1859. [Galveston?] Merchants' job
office print, Tremont St. Broadside. Ip. 30.3 x 43.3 cm. (27.3
x 40 cm.) 1144a*
TxU.
Cameron
county,
Texas.
Grand
jury.
Report of the grand jury, on the disturbances of the county
. . . [An account of Juan Nepomuceno Cortina and his Mexican
followers' attack on the city of Brownsville, September 28,
1859.] [n.p.] Broadside. 1p. 1145
Tx.
The
Campaign
Intelligencer.
Austin,
Texas.
The Campaign Intelligencer. ... [Subscriptions solicited, to
support the National Democracy.] Baker, Lambert & Perry,
publishers of the Weekly Intelligencer. Austin, Texas. Broad-
side. 1p. 18.5 x 30.3 cm. (15.7 x 16.5 cm.) 1146
TxU.
Castaing
v.
Basse
&
Hord.
In Supreme court of Texas, John Castaing et al., vs. Basse
& Hord. Brief for defendant in error. [At end:] W. G. Hale,
for defendants in error. Journal book office, Austin, [n.d.]
17 p. 22 cm. ppw. 1147*
Cover title.
TxU.
Chambers
v.
Fisk.
Opinion of the Supreme court of Texas. Austin, October,
1858. No. 1333. Chambers, vs. Fisk, et al. Appeal from Wil-
liamson county. Galveston: Printed at the Civilian steam book
press. 1859. 1 p. 1., [l]-23 p. 21.5 cm. 1148*
The opinion was delivered by Justice O. M. Roberts, January 3, 1859.
Cover title.
TxU.
Leslie
Combs.
To the Legislature of Texas: The petition of Leslie Combs,
of Kentucky, respectfully states— ... Leslie Combs, Novem-
ber, 1859. [Austin?] Broadside. 1 p. 20.5 x 32.5 cm. (17.3
x 28 cm.) 1148a
Tx.
Cook
v.
Burnley.
In the Supreme court of the United States, no. —Wm.
M.
Cook and others, plaintiffs in error, vs. the heirs of Burnleys
and R. A. Porter, defendants in error. ..'. W. P. Ballinger, for
defendants in error. [Galveston:] News steam print. [1859?]
24 p. 18.5 cm. 1149
TxU.
Cortina,
Juan
N.
To the Mexican inhabitants of Texas !!! ... [Recounts the
grievances Mexicans in Texas had suffered and urges them to
join him.] Juan N. Cortina. Camp in the Rancho del Carmen,
November 23d, 1859. "Brownsville Flag" print. Broadside. 1
p., printed in three columns. 21.5 x 44 cm. (18.5 x 38.5
cm.) 1150
Governor Houston sent to the Senate "the printed pronunciamento of
Cortinas" on December 9, 1859. (Senate
Journal,
8th
Legislature,
p. 115.)
It appears also in 36
Cong.,
1
sess.
House
Exec.
Doe.
no.
52,
p. 79-82.
Bancroft (North
Mex.
States
and
Texas,
II, 445,) refers to an earlier
proclamation, dated September 30. Like the original of the November 23,
it was probably printed in Mexico.
WM.
Dallas,
Texas.
Independence ball. [Invitation to attend, at the St. Nicholas
hotel, Dallas, March 2d, 1859.] Dallas, Feb. 17, 1859. Broad-
side. 1 p. 10 x 15.5 cm. (6.5 x 7.5 cm.) 1151
Tx.
Democratic
party.
Texas.
Proceedings of the Democratic convention, of the State of
Texas, held in the city of Houston, May 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th,
1859. Published by order of the convention. Houston: Printed
at the Telegraph office. 1859. 30 p. 20.8 cm. 1152
The proceedings of the Convention of the Western congressional district
appear on pages 29-30.
Tx. TxSa. TxU.
Congressional convention. 1st District. Henderson, 2 May
1859. Circular, signed by the thirteen bolters. Printed by the
Republican office, Marshall. 1153*
Not seen; comment by The
Crockett
Argus,
May 21, 1859, p. 2.
Democracia ahora y para siempre. A los Mejicanos del con-
dado de Be jar. .. . Procedimientos de la junta general demo-
cratica ... J. M. Carolan, presidente de la comision. [San An-
tonio, 1859.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in three columns. 39 x
52.5 cm. (29.5 x47 cm.) 1154*
TxU.
National Democratic ticket, [n.p. 1859.] Broadside. 1 p.
8 x 10 cm. (5.8 x 11 cm.) 1155
For governor, Gen. Sam Houston. For lieut.-gov., Edward Clark. For
congress, 2nd District, A. J. Hamilton.
TxU.
San Jacinto ticket. [Texas state ticket.] [n.p. 1859.] Broad-
side. 1 p. 7.2 x22 cm. (5.5 x 14.2 cm.) 1156*
For governor, Sam Houston; for lieutenant-go v., Jesse Grimes.
TxU (photostat).
Stop the forgery! Democrats, the following forged letter
appears in the "Southern Intelligencer" of July 27, 1859. .. .
State Gazette--Extra. Austin, Texas, Tuesday, July 27, 1859.
Broadside. 1 p., printed in two columns. 16.8 x 43.2 cm. (12.1
x 35 cm.) , 1157*
TxU.
"Facts for the people." ... [Latest election news.] Nacog-
doches Chronicle---Extra. Saturday night, August 6, 1859.
Broadside. 1 p., printed in three columns. 27 x 59 cm. (23.5
x 57 cm.) 1158*
TxU.
A glorious Democratic victory. Election of Hon. L. T. Wig-
fall, to the United States Senate!!! ... Gazette--Extra. Austin,
Tuesday, Dec. 6, 1859. Broadside. 1 p. 10 x 41 cm. (6 x 36
cm.) 1159
TxU.
De
Ryee,
Wm.
The latest news and the best picture is the photochromatype,
made by the undersigned, at their gallery of fine arts, ... Wm.
De Ryee, A. M., Wm. C. A. Thielepape, H. Lungkwitz. Austin,
December 15th, 1859. Intelligencer print. Folder with one page
of print. 20.5 cm. 1160*
TxU.
Freemasons.
Texas.
Transactions of the Grand commandery of Texas of Knights
templar, at the sixth annual conclave, held at Huntsville, June
22, a.d. 1859, and of the order 741. Rt. Em. Sir Geo. M. Patrick,
Gr. Com., Anderson. Em. Sir Andrew Neill, Gr. recorder, Se-
guin. Houston: Telegraph power press book and job office.
1859. 43 p. 20 cm. 1161
IaCrM. NNFM. TxU. TxWFM.
Transactions of the M. P. Grand council of Texas, of royal
and select masters, at the fourth annual assembly, held at Hunts-
ville June 22, A.D. 1859, A. Dep. 2859, with the amended con-
stitution. M. P. B. B. Cannon, Rusk, G. M. Rt. P. Andrew Neill,
Seguin, G. R. Houston: Printed at the Telegraph book and job
establishment. 1859. 48 p. 21 cm. ppw. 1162
IaCrM. NNFM. TxHSJM. TxU. TxWFM.
The constitution of the Grand lodge of Free and accepted
masons of Texas. Revised and adopted at the grand annual
communication, held at Galveston, January, A.D. 1856, A.L. 5856.
Houston: Telegraph power press book and job office. 1859. 31
p. 20 cm. 1163
PPFM. TxElp.
Proceedings of the M. W. Grand lodge of Texas, at its twenty-
third annual communication, held at the town of Crockett, com-
mencing the second Monday in June, a.d. 1859, A.L. 5859. Or-
dered to be read in all the lodges under this jurisdiction, for
the information of the brethren. James F. Taylor, of Marshall,
grand master. A. S. Ruthven, of Galveston, grand secretary.
Galveston: Printed at the "News" book and job office. 1859.
322 p. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1164
IaCrM. MBFM. NNFM. OCM. TxU.
Grand lodge of Texas. Grand secretary's office. Galveston,
June 15, A.L. 5859 A.D. 1859. ... [The following brethren were
duly elected grand officers for the ensuing year.] [n.p.] Broad-
side. 1 p. 21 x 25 cm. 1165
PPFM.
To the W. M. Wardens and brethren of the lodges under the
jurisdiction of the Grand lodge of Texas. ... [List of the rejec-
tions, suspensions, expulsions and reinstatements by the sub-
ordinate lodges during the quarter, ending May 31st, 1859.]
A. S. Ruthven, grand secretary. Galveston, Sept. 1, 1859. Broad-
side. 1 p. 21.5 x 34.5 cm. (15 x 31.5 cm.) 1166
TxU.
By-laws of Warren lodge, no. 56, of Ancient, free and accepted
masons, held at Caldwell, Burleson county, Texas. Galveston:
Printed at the "Galveston News" book and job office. 1859. 6,
[1] p. 21.5 cm. ppw. 1167
Cover title.
Tx. TxU.
Proceedings of the Grand royal arch chapter, of Texas, at
the tenth annual convocation, held at the town of Huntsville,
commencing June 22, 1859, A.I. 2393, together with the Pro-
ceedings of the Council of the order of high priesthood, for the
State of Texas. M. E. Andrew Neill, G. H. Priest. E. A. S.
Ruthven, grand sec. Houston: Printed at the Telegraph book
and job establishment. 1859. 80, [1] p. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1168
IaCrM. LNMas. NNFM. TxU. TxWFM.
Galveston,
Texas.
Constitution of the Galveston Firemen's relief fund associa-
tion. Adopted May 30, 1859—organized Jan. 8, 1859. Galves-
ton: Printed at the "News" book and job office. 1859. 13, [1] p.
17.5 cm. ppw. 1169
Tx.
Galveston Price-current, published weekly by E. B. Nichols
& co. Galveston: Printed at the "News" office. November 3,
1859. Broadside. 2 p., printed in three columns. 21.7 x 27.8 cm.
(16.8 x 23 cm.) 1170
TxU.
Galveston island lots at auction, on the 13th day of April,
1859. C. L. McCarty, auct'r. Galveston, April Ist, 1859.
Broadside. 1 p. 34.5 x 42.5 cm. (30.2 x39 cm.) 1170
a*
A sketch map, showing the location of the lots about five miles from
the city, is printed in the text of the advertisement.
TxU.
List of rates of freight to and from Liberty. ... George Gor-
don, Agent. Galveston, December 1, 1859. Broadside. 1 p.
12x16.2 cm. (9.7 x 14.2 cm.) 1171
*
TxHSJM.
Cortinas! Cortinas! Citizens of Texas! In consequence of
the invasion of our frontier, all good citizens are called upon to
assemble at the crockery depot of Redwood & co., ... The first
crockery establishment ever opened in the State of Texas. ...
Printed at the Galveston "News" book and job establishment,
corner Tremont and Market streets. [1859?] Broadside. 1 p.
32 x 50.5 cm. (26.5 x 44.7 cm.) 1172*
TxU.
Circular. ... [Has sold his interest in the firm of Isaac G.
Williams & co.] Isaac G. Williams. Galveston, May 1, 1859.
Folder with one page of print. 26.7 cm. 1173*
TxU.
Gray,
Peter
W.
Address of Judge Peter W. Gray, to the citizens of Houston,
on the African slave trade. Delivered May 30th, 1859, and pub-
lished by several gentlemen who heard it. [Houston? 1859?]
28 p., printed in two columns. 21.5 cm. 1174
Caption title.
Tx. TxSa. TxU.
Gurley,
E.
J.
E. J. Gurley's Rejoinder. ... [Answers the criticisms of J.
L. L. McCall, district attorney, directed at Judge Battle, in the
case of State v. Peter Garland et al.] [n.p. 1859?] Broadside.
1 p., printed in three columns. 20.5 x 39 cm. (17.2 x 36.3
cm.) 1175
*
EV.
[Hale,
W.
G.]
A reply to some misrepresentations in the speech of Gen.
Houston, delivered February 3d, 1859. [At end:] W. G. Hale.
Galveston, October 20, 1859. 29 p. 21 cm. 1176
Caption title.
Cty. MH. TxGR. TxH. TxU.
Hanford,
Albert,
publisher.
... Texas State Register, for the year of our Lord, 1859, .. .
Galveston: Published by A. Hanford. 1859. [Printed in New
York City, 1859.] [72] p. 19 cm. ppw. 1177
x
At head of title page: 1859, No. 4. Published annually.
TxDaM. TxH. TxU.
Henry,
William
R.
To the people of Texas. ... [Denunciation of Gen. Twiggs'
course in regard to slaves runaway to Mexico.] W. R. Henry.
San Antonio, March 9th, 1859. [San Antonio? 1859.] Broad-
side. 1 p., printed in two columns. 20.1 x 25.3 cm. (15.6 x 19.4
cm.) 1178*
TxU.
Houston,
Sam.
Speech of Gen. Houston at Nacogdoches, Saturday, July 9,
1859. The Campaign Chronicle, Nacogdoches, Tuesday, July 12,
1859. Broadside. 2 p., printed in six columns. 37.8 x 53.6 cm.
(32 x 47.5 cm.) 1179
TxU.
Houston
Tap
and
Brazoria
railway
company.
Second annual report of the president and directors of the
H. T. & B. railway company. Houston, Texas: Printed at the
Houston Telegraph book and job office. 1859. 11 p. 21 cm.
ppw. 1180
MoS. Tx. TxU.
Houston,
Texas.
Dissolution. The partnership ... of Forsgard &
Burke, in
the book and stationery business, in this city, is this day dis-
solved by mutual consent. ... G. A. Forsgard. James Burke.
Houston, April 20, 1859. Broadside. 1 p. 13 x 20.3 cm. (9.7
x 16.5 cm.) 1181*
A month later J. S. Norton formed a partnership with G. A. Forsgard,
in the book and stationery business.
TxU.
Houston,
Texas.
Citizens.
Gen. Houston all right on the railroad question! In favor of
granting: 20 sections of land per mile, and of using the public
money to build our railroads! [n.p. 1859.] Broadside. 1 p.,
printed in two columns. 16.5 x25 cm. (12.5 x 19.8 cm.) 1182*
The circular contains Houston's letter of July 23, 1859 addressed to
A. McGowen, W. H. King and others.
Tx. TxU.
Lea,
A.
M.
... The Gulf of Mexico, with special reference to its north-
west angle, ... [The commercial advantages of Aransas bay.]
A. M. Lea. Corpus Christi, Texas, Sept. 6, 1859. [n.p.] Broad-
side. 1 p., printed in three columns. 21.5 x 34.5 cm. (17 x 27
cm.) 1182a
TxU.
Lea,
Pryor.
Notes for lectures, at Corpus Christi, by Pryor Lea, as pres-
ident of the Aransas road company. June Bth and 9th, 1859.
[n.p. n.d.] 16 p. 20 cm. 1183
Caption title.
Cover title: Railroad proceedings at Corpus Christi, June, 1859.
Tx. TxGR.
An outline of the Central transit, in a series of six letters, to
Hon. John Hemphill, by Pryor Lea, currently written, with in-
tervals of dates, during Nov., Dec. & Jan. preceding February
Ist, 1859. Galveston: Printed at the Galveston News book and
job office. 1859. 32 p. 22 cm. 1184
Cover title.
DLC. IaHi.
MH-BA. OCHP. Tx. TxDaM. TxGR. TxHuT. TxU.
Lewis,
Wm.
C,
administrator.
Sale of personal property. On Thursday, 24th February, 1859.
. . . Wm. C. Lewis, adm'r of Alfred Douglas, dec'd. Feb. 9, 1859.
[n.p.] Broadside. 1 p. 24 x 33 cm. (17.5 x27 cm.) 1185
TxU.
McCoy
v.
State.
Decision of Supreme court of Texas, Galveston term, Febru-
ary, 1859. McCoy vs. the State of Texas. Appeal in habeas
corpus from the decision of the District judge in Gonzales coun-
ty, [n.p. n.d.] Folder with three pages, printed in double col-
umn. 20 cm. 1186*
TxU.
Marshall,
W.
K.
[Address delivered on August 13, 1859, at the laying of the
cornerstone of the Tyler masonic academy, Tyler, Texas, by W.
K. Marshall of St. John's lodge.] Tyler, 1859. Bp. 20 cm. 1187
No title page, information taken from penciled memorandum.
NNFM.
Mills,
R.
&
D.
G.
Circular of January 7, 1859. 1188*
Not seen; referred to below.
Having overcome the difficulties referred to in our circular
of January 7th, we now beg leave to announce that we are pre-
pared to continue business as heretofore. Galveston, July 1st,
1859. R. & D. G. Mills. Folder with one page of print. 19.5
cm. 1189*
TxU.
Mills
v.
State.
Supreme court of Texas, No. 1071. R. & D. G. Mills vs. The
State of Texas. Appeal from the District court of Galveston
county, [n.p., n.d. 1859?] 40 p. 8 vo. 1190*
Caption title.
NHi.
Monroe
v.
State.
In the Supreme court at Galveston. Mary Monroe, appellant,
vs. the State, appellee. Term, 1859. Suit from Harris county.
Brief of Henderson & Johnstone, for appellant. Houston "Tele-
graph" book and job office. 1859. 19 p. 20 cm. ppw. 1191*
Cover title.
TxU.
Morgan,
James.
Pedigrees of thorough-bred cattle, purchased of Robt. W.
Scott and Jas. Hutchcraft, of Kentucky, by Col. James Morgan,
of Galveston Bay, Texas. October, 1859. Galveston: Printed
at the Galveston "News" book and job office. 1859. 16 p.
24.5 cm. 1192
The cattle purchased were short-horned Durhams.
TxU.
[Mussina,
S.]
Judge John C. Watrous and the New York land company.
[Galveston? 1859.] 4 p., printed in two columns. 21cm. 1193*
Caption title.
TxU.
Ochiltree,
Wm.
B.
To the voters of the first Congressional district. ... [An-
nounces his candidacy for Congress.] 1194*
Not seen; this circular and its supplement are described in the postscript
to Reagan's circular of July 9, 1859.
Odd-fellows.
Texas.
Grand lodge and grand encampment. Proceedings of the R.
W. Grand lodge, and the R. W. encampment, of the State of
Texas, at the annual communication, held at Galveston, Feb. 7,
1859. Galveston: Printed at the Civilian steam book press. 1858
[1859.] 62, 16, 86-101 p. 20.5 cm. 1195
TxWB.
Odd Fellows' collation. To be given by Bastrop lodge, no. 25,
I.0.0.F. at Lane & Jones' new hotel, Monday, 4th July ... Bas-
trop, Texas, June 20th, 1859. Broadside. 1 p. 10.4 x 15.8 cm.
(7 x 9.7 cm.) 1196*
Invitation.
TxU.
Parsons,
Wm.
H.
Prospectus for a new work. Negro slavery, its past, present
and future. By Wm. H. Parsons, [n.p. 1859?] Broadside. 1 p.,
text printed in two columns. 35 x43 cm. (31 x2l cm.) 1197*
EV.
[Paschal,
Geo.
W
.]
Some facts and figures relative to the public printing: also,
some references to the laws of other States. By the editor of
the Intelligencer [Geo. W. Paschal.] Austin: Printed at the
Southern Intelligencer office. 1859. 23 p. 20.8 cm. 1198*
TxU.
Pentenrieder,
Erhard.
Main plaza, San Antonio, Texas. Drawn after nature by Er-
hard Pentenrieder. Published by Pentenrieder & Blersch, San
Antonio, Texas. [1859?] Folder with one page of print. 28
cm. 1199
TxU.
Protestant
Episcopal
church.
Texas.
Journal of the tenth annual convention of the Protestant
Episcopal church in the Diocese of Texas, held in Trinity
church, Galveston, May sth and 6th, 1859. San Antonio, Texas:
Printed at the Herald office. 1859. 52 p. 20.8 cm. ppw. 1200
Cover title.
ICU. IU. MB. MBD. MiD-B. NBudd. Tx. TxU. WHi.
Reagan,
John
H.
To the voters of the first Congressional district. .. . [An-
nounces his candidacy for renomination for Congress.] John
H. Reagan. Palestine, Texas, April 12th, 1859. Printed at the
office of the "Trinity Advocate," Palestine, Texas. Broadside.
1 p., printed in three columns. 30 x6l cm. (26 x 55.3 cm.) 1201
Tx.
To the voters of the first Congressional district. .. . [Answer
to the statements contained in W. B. Ochiltree's circular.] John
H. Reagan. Palestine, Texas, July 9th, 1859. Broadside. 2 p.,
printed in five columns. 45.5 x6l cm. (40 x 53.5 cm.) 1202*
Appended to the circular is a statement by B. Graham and W. G. W.
Jowers, dated July 14, 1859, to the effect that amicable relations had been
established between John H. Reagan and W. B. Ochiltree.
EV.
Richardson,
W.
&
D.,
publishers.
Galveston directory for 1859-60; with a brief history of the
island, prior to the foundation of the city ... compiled and
published by W. & D. Richardson. Printed at the News book
and job office, Galveston, 1859. 92 p. -- cm. map. 1203
The map is entitled: Richardson's Map of the city of Galveston in 1859.
From Sandusky's survey made in 1845, including improvements in public
buildings, wharves, etc. to the present date. J. Douglas, eng. & lith., 17
St. Charles str. N. 0. 32 x 45.5 cm.
Inset: Map of Galveston Bay from the U. S. Coast survey.
TxH. TxGR.
The Texas Almanac for 1860, with statistics, historical and
biographical sketches, &c. relating to Texas. The Galveston
News, weekly and tri-weekly, by W. & D. Richardson. Terms:
Weekly, $3 per annum, payable in advance. Tri-weekly, $8 per
annum, payable quarterly. Best job office in the State! Book-
binding in all its branches. [Galveston: 1859.] 228 p., 46 un-
numbered leaves of advertisements. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1204
Cover title.
ICU. MB. MoS. MWA. NbHi. NH. NjP. NNA. RP. TxAbH. TxCsA.
TxGR. TxH. TxHuT. TxU. WHi.
Richmond,
Texas.
Circular. E. R. Hawley & co., wholesale and retail dealers in
watches, clocks, jewelry, silver and plated ware ... Richmond,
Texas. E. R. Hawley. J. S. Hawley. Herndon hall, September
Ist, 1859. [n.p.] Folder with three pages of print. 20 cm. 1205*
Tx.
Rusk,
Benj.
L.
Guardian's sale! .. . [Advertisement of sale of land, ... on
Jan. 3, 1860.] Benjamin L. Rusk, guardian of Helena A. Rusk.
Nacogdoches, Texas, December 3, 1859. [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p.
29.5 x22 cm. (27.3 x 14 cm.) 1206*
TxM.
Sabine
Pass,
Texas.
[Advertisement.] Robert F. Green, commission and forward-
ing merchant, Sabine Pass, Texas. January, 1859. Folder with
one page of print. 25.7 cm. 1207*
TxU.
Sherman,
Sidney.
Defence of Gen. Sidney Sherman, against the charges made
by Gen. Sam Houston in his speech delivered in the United
States Senate, February 28th, 1859. Galveston: Printed at the
"News" book and job office. 1859. 29, [1] p. 21.5 cm. 1208
The Defence
is dated, "Galveston, June 27, 1859." The unnumbered page
contains a notice of the Texas almanac for 1860, and does not appear, in
all copies. The Defence
was reprinted by Smallwood, Dealy & Baker,
Houston, 1885. 35 p. 20 cm.
Tx. TxHSJM. TxU. TxWB.
Southern
Pacific
railroad
company.
Address to the stockholders of the Southern Pacific railroad
company. Marshall, January 29, 1859. [n.p.] 6p. 8 vo. 1209
Caption title.
CSmH.
Taylor,
Wm.
M.
Taylor's monitor; a manual of freemasonry, adapted to the
work and government of the lodges subordinate to the Grand
lodge of Texas. Including the ritual, constitution, ancient
charges, resolutions in force, forms, processions, etc. By Wm.
M. Taylor, P.G.M., P.G.H.P., P.G.T.1., and P.G.C., K.T., of
Texas. Houston, Texas: E. H. Cushing. 1859. vii, 250, v p.
illus. 11.3 cm. 1210
It is probable that this work was not printed in Texas.
NNFM.
Texas.
Census.
State of Texas. Census of the State of Texas, as per returns
for the year 1858. [Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co.,
state printers. 1859.] Broadside. 1 p. 35.5 x 55.7 cm. (32 x
52 cm.) 1211
TxU.
Texas.
Commissioners
for
the
sale
of
the
University
lands.
Report of the Commissioners for the sale of the University
lands. Published by order of the eighth Legislature. Austin:
Printed by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1859. 9 p. 21
cm. 1212*
The report is signed by John Henry Brown, agent, and is dated, Austin,
February 14, 1859.
TxU.
Texas.
Commissioners
to
investigate
the
land
boards
within
Peters'
colony.
Report of the Commissioners to investigate the land boards
within Peters' colony. Austin: Printed by J. Marshall & co.,
state printers, 1859. 1213
Cover title.
TxU.
Texas.
Comptroller.
(Clement
R.
Johns.)
Biennial report of the Comptroller of the State of Texas, for
the fiscal years 1858-'59. Published by order of the seventh
Legislature. Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state
printers. 1859. 165 p. 19.7 cm. 1214
The report covers the period from Oct. 31, 1857, to August 31, 1859.
ICU. Tx. TxElp. TxU.
Circular to clerks, and sheriffs of District courts. ... [In-
structions how to prepare statement of costs in felony cases.]
Clement R. Johns, Comptroller. Austin, May 18, 1859. Broad-
side. 1 p. 19 x 24.6 cm. (15 x 18.5 cm.) 1215
Tx.
Texas.
Court
of
claims.
Report of the commissioner of the Court of claims. Printed
by order of the seventh Legislature. Austin: Printed by John
Marshall & co., state printers. 1859. 32 p. 21 cm. 1216
Cover title.
Edward Clark reported for the period from Oct. 1, 1857 to Aug. 31,
1858, Joseph Lee, his successor, for the year ending Aug. 31, 1859, when
the office was merged with the Comptroller's.
Tx. TxU.
Texas.
Deaf
institute.
Second and third annual reports of the trustees of the Texas
nstitution for the education of the deaf and dumb. Printed by
order
of the eighth Legislature. Austin: Printed by John Mar-
shall & co., state printers. 1859. 23 p., 1 fold, table. 19.8 cm.
ppw. 1217
ICU. Tx. TxU.
Same. German edition. 1218
Slot seen; 100 copies were printed (House
Journal,
p. 718.)
Texas.
General
land
office.
(F.
M.
White.)
Report general land office, Austin, September Ist, 1859. To
his excellency, H. R. Runnels, governor, and to the Hon. Senate
and House of Representatives. [Austin: Printed by John Mar-
shall & co., state printers. 1859.] 14 p. 20.5 cm. 1219
Caption title.
TxU.
Texas.
Geological
survey.
(B.
F.
Shumard.)
First report of progress of the Geological and agricultural
survey of Texas, by B. F. Shumard, State geologist. Printed
by order of the eighth Legislature. Austin: Printed by John
Marshall & co., state printers. 1859. 17 p. 21 cm. 1220
DLC ICJ. MCM. MH-Z. MoHi. MoS. PPAN. TxH. TxU.
Texas.
Governor,
1857-1859.
(Hardin
R.
Runnels.)
Message of the Hon. Hardin R. Runnels, governor of Texas.
Printed by order of the eighth Legislature. Austin: Printed
by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1859. 29 p. 21 cm.
ppw. 1221
The message was read November 10, 1859 (Senate
Journal,
p. 15-41;
House
Journal,
p. 25-51.)
OclWHi. TxU. WHi.
Botschaft des Gouverneurs des Staates Texas an die achte
Legislature ... Austin. 1859. 36 p. 19 cm. 1222
NjR.
Mensaje del Hon. Hardin R. Runnels, gobernador de Tejas,
Impreso por orden de la octava legislatura. Austin: Imprenta
de Juan Marshall i co., impresores de estado. 1859. 29 p. 20.5
1223
NiR. TxU.
Proclamation by the Governor. ... [Warns against attack:
on the Indians of the Reserve.] H. R. Runnels, governor. Aus-
tin, Jan. 10, 1859. Broadside. 1 p. 6.5 x 23 cm. (5.5 x 22.5
cm.) 1224
Tx.
To the citizens of Erath, Jack, Palo Pinto, Comanche and
other adjoining counties to the Indian Reserve. .. . [Repeats
the warning contained in his proclamation of Jan. 10, 1859.]
H. R. Runnels, governor. Austin, March 12, 1859. Broadside.
1 p. 22 x33 cm. (16 x27 cm.) 1225
Tx.
Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Texas. ... [Or-
ders an election for District attorney in the Bth Judicial dis-
trict.] H. R. Runnels. Austin, February 15th, 1859. Broad-
side. 1 p. 29 x 43.5 cm. (25 x 33.5 cm.) 1226
TxU.
Texas.
Governor,
1859-1861.
(Sam
Houston.)
Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Texas. ...
[Calls upon the citizens of the Rio Grande valley to return to
law and order. ] Sam Houston, governor. Austin, December
28, 1859. [Southern Intelligencer print.] Broadside. 1 p. 20
x 30.5 cm. (18.2 x 26.5 cm.) 1227
Tx.
Same. Spanish edition. 1228
Tx.
Texas.
Laws,
statutes,
&c.
A digest of the general statute laws of the State of Texas:
to which are subjoined the repealed laws of the Republic and
State of Texas, by, through, or under which rights have been
accrued; also, the colonization laws of Mexico, Coahuila and
Texas, which were in force before the Declaration of independ-
ence by Texas. Prepared by Williamson S. Oldham and George
W. White. Published by authority of the Legislature. Austin,
Texas: Printed by John Marshall & co., at the State Gazette
office. 1859. 1 p. 1., iv, 836 p., 2 1. 25 cm. 1229
Location of more than 50 copies reported.
Texas.
8th
Legislature
(Nov.
7-Feb.
13,
1860.)
Proceedings of the joint session, eighth Legislature, in the
election of U. S. Senator. [Monday, December sth, 1859.] [Re-
ported by W. F. Weeks.] [Austin: State Gazette office, 1859.]
15, [1] p., printed in two columns. 26.5 cm. 1230*
Caption title.
TxHi.
Texas.
8th
Legislature
(Nov.
7-Feb.
13,
1860.)
Senate.
A bill for the protection of the frontier. 1231*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Senate
Journal,
p. 62, 597.)
Texas. 8th Legislature (Nov. 7-Feb. 13, 1860.) House of Rep-
resentatives.
Rules of the House of Representatives. 1232*
Not seen; 200 copies were printed (House
Journal,
p. 18, 709.)
A bill to regulate factors and warehousemen. 1233*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 117, 709.)
A bill prescribing police regulations in respect to slaves. 1234*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 118, 709.)
A bill authorizing the sale of the public domain. 1235*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 97, 709.)
A bill to raise revenue by direct taxation. 1236*
Not seen; 200 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 142, 709.)
A bill supplementary to an act supplementary and amenda-
tory of an act to regulate railroad companies, approved De-
cember 19th, 1857. 1237*
Not seen; 200 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 155, 709.)
A bill to authorize the formation of county and town agri-
cultural societies. 1238*
Not seen; 200 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 185, 709.)
The Senate bill for the protection of the frontier. 1239*
Not seen; 300 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 209, 709.)
A bill to regulate estrays. 1240*
Not seen; 200 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 192, 710.)
A bill to re-open and revive the Court of claims. 1241*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 217, 709.)
Texas.
Lunatic
asylum.
Report of the Superintendent of the Lunatic asylum of the
State of Texas. Printed by order of the eighth Legislature.
Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1859.
12 p. 20 cm. 1242
TxU.
Same. German edition. 1243*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Senate
Journal,
p. 598.)
Texas
military
institute.
La
Grange,
Texas.
Annual catalogue of Texas military institute .. . Caleb G.
Forshey, superintendent. June 30, 1859. Galveston: Printed at
the "News" book and job office. [1859?] 8 p. 21.5 cm. 1244
Cover title.
TxGR.
Texas.
Penitentiary.
Report of the directors, superintendent and agent of the Texas
penitentiary, for the years 1858, '59. Printed by order of the
seventh Legislature. Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co.,
state printers. 1859. 59 p. 20.7 cm. 1245
TxU.
Texas.
Secretary
of
State.
(T.
S.
Anderson.)
Biennial report of the Secretary of state of the State of
Texas, for the years 1858 and 1859. Published by order of the
seventh Legislature. Austin: Printed by John Marshall &
co.,
state printers. 1859. 5 p. 21.5 cm. 1246
The report is dated August 31, 1859, and covers the period since Dec.
21, 1857.
TxU.
Texas.
State
Engineer.
(E.
F.
Gray.)
Biennial report of the state Engineer of the State of Texas,
for the years 1858 and 1859. Published by order of the seventh
Legislature. Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state
printers. 1859. 21 p. 21 cm. 1247
The report is dated Sept. 1, 1859.
TxU.
Report of the state Engineer of Texas. Printed by order of
the eighth Legislature. Austin: Printed by John Marshall &
co., State printers. 1859. 122 p. 20.7 cm. 1248
The report is on "The road and affairs of the Southern Pacific railroad
company," and is dated state Engineer's office, Houston, Dec. 9, 1858.
Tx. TxU.
Sealed proposals [invited] for improving the navigation of
Angelina and Neches rivers. E. F. Gray, state engineer. State
engineer's office, Houston, January Bth, 1859. [n.p.] Broad-
side. 1 p. 20x31 cm. (17x20 cm.) 1249
Tx.
Sealed proposals [invited] for improving the navigation of
the river San Bernard. E. F. Gray, state engineer. State en-
gineer's office, Houston, Feb. Ist, 1859. [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p.
21.5 x 35 cm. (16 x 22 cm.) 1250
Tx.
Texas.
Supreme
court.
Reports of cases argued and decided in the Supreme court
of the State of Texas during the latter part of Galveston term,
1858, and the whole of Tyler term, 1858. By 0. C. and R. K.
Hartley. Vol. XXI. Galveston: Printed at the Civilian book
office. 1859. xvi, 869, [1] p. 22.5 cm. 1251
Ar-SC. Ct. G. IaDaCL. In-SC. MdBB. MiBB. Mi-L. Mn. Nb. Nc-SC.
Nj. Nv. OrSaW-L PPB. PPiAL. PU-L. RPL. TxDaM-L. TxSaSM-L.
TxU-L. TxWB-L. W. WOsbL.
Texas.
State
Treasurer.
(C.
H.
Randolph.)
Report of the Treasurer of Texas, for the fiscal year ending
August 31, 1859. Published by order of the seventh Legislature.
Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1859.
15 p. 21 cm. 1252
MH. Tx. TxU. WHi.
Texas.
Treasurer
and
ex-officio
Superintendent
of
common
schools.
(C.
H.
Randolph.)
Report of the Treasurer and ex-officio Superintendent of com-
mon schools, of the State of Texas, for the fiscal year ending
August 31, 1859. Published by order of the seventh Legislature.
Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1859.
37 p. 21.5 cm. 1253
Tx. TxU.
To the Chief justice of county.
The apportionment of the "school fund," ... has just been
made, .. . for the year ending Aug. 31st, 1859. ... [Directions
for further procedure.] Treasurer's office, Austin, September
10, 1859. [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p. 18 x 25 cm. (16 x 18.5
1254
cm.)
TxU.
Thompson,
A.
P.
Circular. To the voters of Harris county. .. . [Announces his
candidacy for state Senator, and his platform.] A. P. Thomp
son. Houston, July 13, 1859. Broadside. 1 p., printed in three
columns. 21.5 x 30 cm. (18.5 x 28 cm.) 12
55
*
EV.
Vidaurri,
Santiago.
To the Editors of the Herald. .. . [Thanks the people of San
Antonio for their hospitality during his brief stay as an exile
from his own county.] Santiago Vidaurri. San Antonio, Nov.
16,1859. Broadside. 1p. 19.8 x 39.4 cm. (16.5x33 cm.) 1256*
Spanish and English printed in parallel columns.
Washington
county
railroad
company.
To the citizens of Fayette, Bastrop & Travis counties. .. .
[On the advantages an extension of this road to Austin has
over those of the Harrisburg company.] I. L. Hill, A. M. Lewis,
Jno. P. Key, committee. Brenham, Texas, July 15, 1859. Broad-
side. 1 p., printed in four columns. 33 x 31.5 cm. (25 x 28.5
cm.) 1257
*
TxU.
Watrous,
John
C.
Reply of Judge John C. Watrous, to the speech of Senator
Houston. [Galveston? 1859.] 22 p., printed in two columns.
22.3 cm. 1258
Caption title.
TxU.
White,
F.
M.
To the people of Texas. ... [Announces his candidacy for
re-election as Commissioner of the General land office.] [n.p.
Austin? 1859.] Broadside. 1 p. 24 x 23.3 cm. (18.5 x 19
cm.) 1259
*
TxU.
Wofford
v.
McKinna,
appellee.
Appeal from DeWitt county, [n.p., 1859?] 8p. 8 vo. 1260
Caption title.
NHi.
Addison,
Oscar
M.
Circular. .. . [Advertises the rascality of one Finando L.
Taylor.] Oscar M. Addison, presiding elder, Springfield dis-
trict, Texas conference. February 4, 1860. [n.p.] Folder with
one page of print. 19 cm. 1265
Tx. TxU.
Air
line
railroad
company.
Letter. ... [Payment on subscription to capital stock of the
Air line railroad company due.] H. H. Haynie, secretary. Aus-
tin, July 1, 1860. Broadside. 1 p. 11 x 18 cm. (9.5 x 7.5
cm.) 1266
TxU.
Armstrong,
M.
L.
Circular. To the citizens of Lamar county. ... [In opposi-
tion to a State convention.] M. L. Armstrong, of Lamar county.
Paris, Texas, Paris press print, 1860. Broadside. 1 p., printed
in two columns. 1267*
Not seen; listed by Argosy Book stores in catalog 241, item 921 (April, 1945).
Austin
college.
Huntsville,
Texas.
Catalogue of Austin College, at Huntsville, Walker county,
Texas. For the academic year 1859-60. Houston: Printed at
the Telegraph book and job establishment. 1860. 34 p. 20
cm. 1268
Addresses at the inauguration of Rev. Rufus W. Bailey, D.D., on pp.
[13]-34.
GDecCT. MH-And. TxShA. TxU.
Austin,
Texas.
Baker's select school for young ladies. ... [Announcement
of seventh session, with list of departments and rates of tui-
tion.] Thomas Baker. Austin, August 11, 1860. Folder with
one page of print. 19.8 cm. 1269
TxU.
At Buaas' hall, . . . Monday and Tuesday, April 23 and 24,
1860. The celebrated .. . Peak family! Campanalogians, or
Swiss bell ringers. (Printed at the Intelligencer office? Austin,
Texas.) Broadside. 1p.23 x 49.5 cm. (19.7 x46 cm.) 1270
TxU.
Buaas' hall: Monday night, May 7, 1860 ... the Peak family,
Swiss bell ringers, will give a grand farewell concert. .. .
Printed at the. Intelligencer job office. Broadside. 1 p. 12 x 28
cm. (8.2 x 22.3 cm.) 1271
TxU.
Buaas' hall. Madame Anna Bishop, the world-renowned can-
tatrice, begs to announce a grand vocal and instrumental con-
cert, Wednesday evening, April 11, 1860. ... Intelligencer print.
Broadside. 1 p. 13.5 x 25.5 cm. (11.5 x 24 cm.) 1272
TxU.
Grand exhibition at Buaas' hall! With the mammothagioscop.
. .. Tuesday, February 7, 1860. ... life size portraits of the
governors, members of the Legislature, . . . Wm. C. A. Thiele-
pape, H. Lungkwitz, Wm. De Ryee. Intelligencer print. Broad-
side. 1 p. 20.5 x4B cm. (15 x44 cm.) 1273
TxU.
Grand musical and dramatic entertainment! ... at Buaas
hall, Tuesday, December 11th, 1860. ... By the members of the
Austin singing society. [Austin:] "Gazette" job print. Broad-
side. 1 p. 15 x 39.8 cm. (12.6 x 34.5 cm.) 1274
TxU.
Grand vocal & instrumental concert! At Buaas' hall, on Fri-
day and Saturday evenings, September 28 and 29, 1860. By Mrs.
Sally Reinhardt, kindly assisted by Prof. J. Schutze. ... [Aus-
tin] Printed at the State Gazette book and job office. Broadside.
1p. 21.5 x 46.3 cm. (19 x 41.2 cm.) 1275
TxU.
Mass meeting! Saturday, 22d inst. [September 22, 1860] Gen.
Sam Houston will speak in the House of Representatives at 11
o'clock precisely. [Austin, 1860.] Broadside. 1 p. 15.3 x 24.2
cm. (11x19 cm.) 1276*
The address was printed as a pamphlet. See
no. 1342.
TxU.
Programme of a grand concert!! To be given by the string
band of the Orphean club, at Buaas' hall, Wesdnesday even'g;
Jan. 25, 1860. [Austin:] Gazette print. Broadside. 1 p. 23 x
34 cm. (18.8 x 30.2 cm.) 1277
TxU.
Programme of a private concert, given in Buaas' hall, by the
young ladies of Mr. Chas. Sprenger's musical class .. . [Austin
1860?] Broadside. 1p. 18.3 x 42.4 cm. (12.5 x37 cm.) 1278
TxU.
Programme of the Union demonstration, Saturday, Dec. 22,
1860 ... Geo. H. Gray, Amos Morrill, marshalls. Austin, Dec.
21, '60. Broadside. 1p. 22 x35 cm. (17.5 x29 cm.) 1279
TxU.
The Scorpion. Devoted to every thing in general, and nothing
n particular. Austin city, May 7, 1860. John Squibob, editor
and proprietor. 4 p., printed in three columns. 23 cm. 1280
TxU.
Suckers arise! Minnows awake! ... The sardines must cease
to exist! Austin, April 27,'60. Broadside. 1 p. 22.6 x 27.8 cm
(18.2 x 22 cm.) 1281
TxU (photostat.)
Bailey,
Wm.
H.
Letter [Purports to give an account of a trip as far south
as Brenham by a secret agent of abolitionists, whose object it
is to extend free soil over Indian Territory and Texas.] Wm.
H. Bailey. Denton Creek, July 3, 1860. [Belton? August 19,
1860.] Broadside. 1p. 18.5 x3O cm. (14.5 x27 cm.) 1282
TxU (photostat.)
Baker,
Lambert
&
Perry.
Austin,
Texas.
The Campaign Intelligencer. ... [Prospectus, and call for
subscriptions.] The Southern Intelligencer office, 1860. Broad-
side. 1 p. 18.7 x 30.3 cm. (15.8 x 27.7 cm.) 1283-
TxU.
Baptists.
Texas.
Proceedings had by the Austin Baptist church ... July 7th,
[June 30th,] 1860, relative to the difficulty between James Hum-
phrey and D. C. Freeman. ... [Austin?] Broadside. 1p.20 2
x 25.5 cm. (17.6 x 20 cm.) 1284
TxU.
Another edition. Brodaside. 1 p. 21.3 x 27.4 cm. (19.7 x
16 cm.)
TxU.
Minutes of the second annual session of the Brazos River
association of missionary Baptists held with Stephenville church
Erath county, Texas, in October, 1859. Anderson: Texas Bap-
tist" power press print. 1860. 8 p. 21.5 cm. 1286
ville church, Cherokee county, Texas, October 13th, 1860. An-
derson: "Texas Baptist" book and job power press. 1860. 14,
[2] p. 22 cm. 128
7
NHC-S. TxFwSB.
Minutes of the Colorado association, held with the Shiloah
Baptist church, Fayette county, Texas, beginning Friday, 14th
and closing Tuesday, 18th Sept., 1860. Officers: Elder P. B.
Chandler, moderator; Elder J. H. Thurmond, clerk; Bro. B. F.
Lee, treasurer. San Antonio: Printed at the Herald steam
press. 1860. 25 p. 20 cm. 1288
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the Baptist convention of Eastern Texas, held at
Tyler, Smith county, Texas, in June, 1860. Anderson: Printed
on the "Texas Baptist" power press. 1860. 22 p. ppw. 1289
NHC-S. PCA. TxU.
Minutes of the Elm Fork association of united Baptist, held
with the Baptist church at Wilson's Creek, in September, 1860.
Anderson: Printed at the "Texas Baptist" book and job office,
1860. 13 p. 22 cm. 1290
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the sixth annual meeting of Little River Baptist
association, held with Providence church, Burleson county, Tex-
as, on Friday, September 14, 1860. Anderson: Printed at the
office of the "Texas Baptist." 1860. 15 p. 21.5 cm. 1291
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the fourth annual session of the Mount Zion asso-
ciation, held with the Mount Zion church, Rusk county, Texas,
on Friday before the third Sabbath in September, 1860. An-
derson: Printed at the "Texas Baptist" book and job printing
establishment. 1860. 8 p. 21.5 cm. 1292
Minutes of the fourth annual session of the Rehoboth asso-
ciation, held with the church at Pittsburg, Upshur county, Texas,
October 14, 15, 16, 17, 1859. Anderson: Printed on the "Texas
Baptist" power press. 1860. 7, [1] p. 21.5 cm. 1293
TxFwSB. TxU (photostat.)
Minutes of the second annual session of the Richland Baptist
association, held with the Bush Creek church, formerly Provi-
lence, Navarro county, Texas, in October, 1859. Anderson:
Printed on the "Texas Baptist" power press. 1860. 8 p. 23
cm. 1294
NHC-S. TxFwSB.
Minutes of the third annual session of the Richland Baptist
association, held with Bold Springs church, McLennan county,
Texas, in October, 1860. Corsicana: Printed at the office of the
Navarro Express. 1860. 12, [1] p. 23 cm. 1295
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the second annual session of the San Marcos asso-
ciation, held with Bastrop church, Hill's Prairie, September,
1860. Sequin, Texas: Union Democrat office, [n.d.] 15 p. 21
cm. 1296
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the eighth annual session of the Sister Grove Bap-
tist association, held with Kentucky Town church, Grayson
county, Texas, September 7th-10th, 1860. Anderson: Printed
at the office of the "Texas Baptist." 1860. 15, [1] p. 21.5
cm. 1297
PCA. TxFwSB.
Baptist state convention of Texas. Session of 1860. Officers'
names: Hosea Garrett, president. J. W. D. Creath, W. H. Bay-
liss, R. H. Taliaferro, vice presidents. O. H. P. Garrett, record-
ing secretary. D. R. Wallace, corresponding secretary. J. W.
Barnes, treasurer. The next annual meeting of the Convention
is with Huntsville church, Saturday before the 4th Sabbath in
October, 1861. The board of directors will meet at Independ-
ence on the 4th Wednesdays in February, May and August,
3 o'clock p.m. O. H. P. Garrett, recording secretary. Anderson:
Printed on the "Texas Baptist" book and job power press.
1860. 17 p. 21 cm. ppw. 1298
Cover title.
TxFwSB. TxU. TxWB.
Minutes of the twelfth annual session of the Trinity River
association of United Baptists, held with Salem church, Lime-
stone county, Texas, September, 1859. Anderson: "Texas Bap-
tist" power press print. 1860. 30 p. 21.5 cm. 1299
NHC-S. TxFwSB.
Minutes of the Tryon Baptist association, held with the New
Salem Baptist church, Polk county, Texas, August, 1860. An-
derson: Printed at the office of the "Texas Baptist." 1860. 19
p. 28 cm. 1300
TxFwSB.
Minutes of the twenty-first annual meeting of the Union Bap-
tist association, held with the Bellville Baptist church, Austin
county, Texas, commencing August 17th, and closing August
21st, A.D. 1860. Anderson: Printed at the office of the "Texas
Baptist." 1860. 15 p. 1 table. 21 cm. 1301
TxFwSB. TxU(microfilm.)
Minutes of the convention and first session of the Waco Bap-
tist association held with the Baptist church at Waco, Texas,
on Friday and Saturday before 2d Sabbath in November, 1860.
Waco: Printed at the Southwest office. [1860?] 23 p. 19.5
cm. 1302
TxFwSB.
Bell,
James
H.
Speech of Hon. James H. Bell, of the Texas Supreme court.
Delivered at the capitol on Saturday, Dec. 1st, 1860. [Austin:
Printed at the Intelligencer book office. 1860.] 16 p., printed
in two columns. 24.5 cm. 1303
Caption title.
TxU.
Box,
Michael
James.
Circular. [Advertises plan for a colony in Durango, Mex-
ico.] 1304*
Not seen; mentioned on pages 22 and 24 of Sketch
of
Secession
Times
in
Texas
[part 2] ... by Jas. P. Newcomb (San Francisco, 1863.)
Brandt,
Louis.
An infallible guide to discover the age of horses. By Louis
Brandt, veterinary surgeon. Right of translation reserved.
With forty-six wood engravings, by G. Kaehrle ... Indianola,
Tex., 1860. iv, 5-47 p. illus. 18.5 cm. 1305
DLC. P.
Anweisungen über das untrügliche erkennen des Pferdealters.
Von Louis Brandt . . . Mit 46 Holzschnitten von G. Kaehrle . . .
Indianola, Tex.; Druck von G. B. Teubner, New York, 1860.
iv, 5-47 p. illus. 18 cm. 1305
x
DLC. P.?
Brown,
John
H.
Report of Jno. H. Brown in relation to Indian Reserve diffi-
culties. Austin: State Gazette book & job office, 1860. 12p.,
printed in three columns. 4to.
JHW
Buffalo
Bayou,
Brazos
and
Colorado
railivay
company.
To the stockholders of the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado
railway company. The following statement of the condition of
the company, and the operations for ten months preceding April
Ist, 1860, are respectfully submitted. ... John F. Barrett pres-
ident. Printed at the Galveston "News" iron front book and
job establishment. Folder with two pages, printed in double
columns. 28.5 cm. 1307
TxU.
Carnes,
J.
E.
Adress, on the duty of the slave States in the present crisis,
delivered in Galveston, Dec. 12th, 1860, by Rev. J. E. Carnes,
by special invitation of the Committee of safety and correspond-
ence, and many of the oldest citizens. Galveston: Printed at
the "News" book and job office. 1860. 16 p. 22 cm. 1308
MiU. OC1WHi. TxDaM. TxU.
Combs,
Leslie.
Address of General Leslie Combs, delivered before the Pub-
lic debt committee, of the Legislature of Texas, January 12,
1854. Austin. Printed at the Southern Intelligencer book office.
1860. 26 p. 20.5 cm. 131
0
Pages 1-19 are reprinted from no. 470; pages 19-26 form an appendix
containing new material.
MB. Tx. TxU.
Gen. Combs' claim on Texas, [n.p. 1860?] 8p. 21.2 cm. 1311
Adverse majority and favorable minority reports by the House Commit-
tee on Public debt. January, 1860.
Constitutional
Union
party.
Texas.
Address of the Union executive committee, to the people of
Texas We are for the government, so long as the consti-
tution is maintained. [At end:] E. M. Pease, A. J. Hamilton
W. C. Phillips, John Hancock, committee. Austin, Texas, Sep-
tember 18, 1860. 4 p., printed in two columns. 24 cm. 1312
TxU.
Constitution and union ticket, [n.p. 1860.] Broadside. 1 p.
7.5 x 21.5 cm. (5.5 x 19.5 cm.) 1313
*
Attorney-general, John D. McAdoo; Comptroller, George W. Smyth
Treasurer, James Shaw. ...
TxU.
Constitutional union meeting for Bell and Everett At Gal-
veston, Aug. 23rd, 1860. ... called by the "Constitutional Union
club" of this city. ... Speakers: Messrs. Ballinger, Howard
and Dr. Levi Jones. [Galveston, 1860.] Broadside. 1 p 13.5
x24 cm. (10.5 x23 cm.) 1314,
NcD.
Notice. To the citizens of Caldwell [Seventy-two sign.
ers, calling themselves conservative Union men, request post-
ponement of the Union meeting till December 15, 1860 ] Lock-
hart, December 8th,
1860. [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p. 22 x 29.5cm
(16.5 x 25 cm.) 1315*
TxU.
Dallas county agricultural and mechanical association.
[Hand bill advertising the fair.] 1316*
Dallas
county,
Texas.
Citizens.
Public meeting ... of the citizens of Dallas county was held
.. Saturday, Nov. 17, 1860. ... Resolved that his Excellency
Governor Houston be, and he is hereby most respectfully asked
to convene the State Legislature, that the representatives of
the people may indicate what course Texas should pursue in
relation to the result of the late Presidential election N' H
Darnell, president; A. Harwood, secretary. Dallas Herald ex-
tra, November 19, 1860. Broadside. Ip. 18.5 x 29.5 cm (5.5
x 27.5 cm.) 1317
Tx.
Dalzell,
W.
T.
D.
Address of Rev. W. T. D. Dalzell, before Holland Lodge, no
1, Dece. 27th, 1859. Houston: Printed at the Telegraph book
and job establishment. 1860. 13, [1] p. 21 cm. l318
NNFM. TxU.
Davila
v.
Mumford.
Supreme court of the United States. December term 1860
no. 22. Miguel Davila, plaintiff in error, v. David and Jesse
Mumford, defendants in error. Abstract of case and points for
plaintiff in error. W. G. Hale, for plaintiff in error, [Galves-
ton? 1860?] 15 p. 20.7 cm. ppw. 1319
*
Cover title.
TxU.
Democratic
party.
Texas.
Proceedings of the Democratic state convention of Texas,
held in the city of Galveston, on the second day of April, 1860.
Galveston: Printed at the "News" book and job establishment.
1860. 30 p. 21 cm. 1320
Cover title.
OClWHi. TxGR. TxU.
Proceedings of the mass meeting of the National Democracy
of Texas. Gen. Sam Houston for the presidency. His inaugural
address. Austin: Printed at the Southern Intelligencer book
office. 1860. 24 p. 21 cm. 1321
The meeting was held March 20-22, 1860.
A-AR. CSmH. MoS. MoSM. TxU (photostat.)
Election ticket. [Austin, 1860.] Broadside. 1 p. 6 x 19.5
cm. (5 x 16.5 cm.) 1322*
Attorney-general, G. M. Flournoy, John D. McAdoo; Comptroller, C. R.
Johns, George W. Smyth; Treasurer, James Shaw.
TxU.
Bring out the gun!!! The result in Texas, roll on the ball ...
[Election returns.] State Gazette-Extra. Austin, August 13,
1860. Broadside. 1 p., printed in three columns. 22 x 30.5 cm.
(18.5 x 26.5 cm.) 1323*
TxU.
Grand barbecue! in Belton, November 2nd and 3rd! Breck-
inridge & Lane. The constitution & equal rights!! ... [Belton ?
1860.] Broadside. 1 p. 15.3 x 19 cm. (6 x 16.2 cm.) 1324
TxU.
De
Ryee,
William.
The Texas album, of the eighth Legislature, 1860. A Texas
enterprise. By Wm. De Ryee & R. E. Moore. Austin, Texas:
Printed by Miner, Lambert &
Perry. 1860. [198] unnumbered
leaves. 22.2 cm. 1325
The general plan was to print a short biography on one leaf and mount
a photographic print of the man on the next leaf. About 23 spaces for
photographs are blank; 99 are present.
CU. CU-B. TxU.
Eastern
Texas
railroad
company.
A bill to be entitled an act to incorporate the Eastern Texas
railroad company. Austin: Printed at the Southern Intelli-
gencer book office. 1860. 10 p. 20.5 cm. 1326*
TxU.
Ferguson,
Alexander,
subject.
Heute Nachmittag 4 Uhr starb plötzlich an Folgen eines
Schlagflusses Alexander Ferguson, 31 Jahre und 3 Monate alt.
. . . New-Braunfels, den 4. März 1860. Broadside. 1 p. 10.5 x
16 cm. (7 x 12.5 cm.) 1327*
EV.
Ferguson,
Mrs.
James.
[Circular.] I regret to inform you of the death of my brother-
in-law Alexander Ferguson, ... Letters of administration pro-
tern, have been granted to Mr. Robert Bechem, ... Mrs. James
Ferguson. New-Braunfels (Texas) 7th March 1860. Broad-
side. 1 p. 19.5 x 24.5 cm. (15 xll cm.) 1328*
EV.
Flake,
Ferdinand.
Circular in German .. . setting forth that Douglas is the real
and regular candidate of the Democracy. 1329*
Not seen; cited as above by The
State
Gazette,
October 20, 1860, p. 2, c. 1.
Freemasons.
Texas.
Transactions of the Grand commandery of Texas of Knights
templar, at the seventh annual conclave, held in Huntsville
June 22 A.D. 1860, and of the order, 742. Rt. Em. Sir J. J.
McBride, Gr. Com., Navarro. Rt. Em. Sir Andrew Neill, Gr.
recorder, Galveston. Houston: Printed at the book and job
office of the Telegraph. 1860. 56 p. 21 cm. 1330
IaCrM. NNFM. TxU. TxWFM.
Transactions of the M. P. Grand council of Texas, of royal
and select masters, at the fifth annual assembly, held at Hunts-
ville, June 22, A.D. 1860; A. Dep. 2860; M. P. Ed. Clark, G. M.
Rt. P. Andrew Neill, Galveston, G. R. Houston: Printed at the
Telegraph book and job office. 1860. 44 p. 20 cm. 1331
IaCrM. NNFM. TxU (1897 reprint.) TxWFM.
Proceedings of the M. W. Grand lodge of Texas at its twenty-
fourth annual communication, held at the town of La Grange,
commencing on the second Monday in June, a.d. 1860, A.L. 5860.
Ordered to be read in all the lodges under this jurisdiction, for
the information of the brethren. John B. McMahon, of Lock-
hart, grand master. A. S. Ruthven, of Galveston, grand secre-
tary. Galveston: Printed at the "News" book and job office.
1860. 428 p. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1
33
2
IaCrM. LNMas. MBFM. MsFM. NNFM. OCM. TxU.
Proceedings of the Grand lodge of Texas, from its organiza-
tion in the city of Houston, Dec. A.D. 1837, A.L. 5837, to the close
of the grand annual communication held at Palestine, January
19, A.D. 1857, A.L. 5857. By A. S. Ruthven, grand secretary, and
past grand master. Compiled from the original records and
documents now in possession of the Grand lodge, together with
the constitutions which have been severally adopted up to the
present time; also, an interesting history of the origin, rise
and progress of the Masonic order in Texas. In two volumes.
Vol. I [II.] Published by authority of M. W. Wm. Stedman, G.
master. Galveston: Richardson & co., News office 1860. v. 1,
640 p.; 2, 308 p., 1 1., [3]-352 p. 22 cm. 1332x
This appears to be another printing of no. 852. It does not cover the
years between 1857 and 1860.
TxComT. TxHuT. TxOr. TxU.
Proceedings of the Grand royal arch chapter of Texas at the
eleventh annual convocation, held at the town of Huntsville,
commencing June 22, 1860, A.L. 2394, together with the Pro-
ceedings of the Council of the order of high priesthood for the
State of Texas. Houston: Printed at the Telegraph book and
job establishment. 1860. 129 p. 20 cm. ppw. 1333
IaCrM. LNMas. NNFM. Tx.
Galveston
county,
Texas.
Committee
of
safety.
Address to the people of the State of Texas. ... [Since the
Governor declines to convene the Legislature to act in the pres-
ent crisis, this Committee appeals to the whole people of Texas
to join with them in electing delegates to a convention at the
time and in the mode recommended by the people of Harris
county.] By order of the Committee of safety and correspond-
ence. Guy M. Bryan, corresponding secretary. [Galveston, Dec.
29th, 1860.] Folder with one page of print, in three columns.
21.5x26.5 cm. (17 x 18.5 cm.) 1334
TxU.
Galveston
gas
company.
How to tell the state of the meter. Civilian steam book anc
job press, Strand, Galveston. Broadside. 2 p. 22 x 16.3 cm
(17.5 x 13 cm.) 1335
TxU.
Galveston,
Houston
and
Henderson
railroad
company.
An act supplementary to the several acts relating to the Gal-
veston, Houston and Henderson railroad company, [n.p. n.d.]
4 p. 35.5 cm. 1336*
TxU.
By-laws of the Galveston, Houston and Henderson railroad
company. Galveston: Printed at the "Civilian" book and job
establishment. 1860. 9 p. 21 cm. 1337
TxU.
Galveston
Prices
Current.
Galveston Prices Current. October 19, 1860. .. . [Weekly
review of prices on the Galveston market.] T. H. McMahan &
Gilbert. Conrad & Holland, printers, Tremont street, Galves-
ton. Broadside. 2 p., first page printed in three columns. 21
x 26.5 cm. (17 x 21.5 cm.) 1338
TxU.
Grand
temple
of
honor
of
Western
Texas.
Proceedings of the fourth annual session of the Grand temple
of Western Texas, held at Waco, May 28, 29, and 30, 1860. Aus-
tin : Printed by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1860. 15 p.
20.5 cm. 1339
TxU.
Hallettsville,
Texas.
Citizens.
Circular. Proceedings of the grand mass meeting at Halletts-
ville, Lavaca county, November 21st, 1860. Printed at the book
and job office of the "Lone Star," Hallettsville. Broadside. 1 p.
30 x45 cm. (24.5 x33 cm.) 1340
Tx.
Hanford,
Albert,
publisher.
. . . Texas State Register, for the year of our Lord, 1860, . . .
Galveston: Published by A. Hanford. 1860. [Printed in New
York City, 1859.] [72] p. 18.5 cm. ppw. 13
40x
At head of title page: 1860. No. 5. Published annually.
TxDa. TxH. TxU.
Harris
county,
Texas.
Citizens.
To his excellency, Sam Houston! Governor of Texas. ...
[Express approval of the views contained in Houston's letter
of November 20th to his friends at Huntsville.] Harris county,
December 1st, 1860. Broadside. 1 p., printed in three columns.
21.3 x 35.5 cm. (17.5 x22 cm.) 1341
TxU.
Horton
v.
Wharton
county.
Supreme court. Galveston, January term, 1860--no. 1387.
A. C. Horton, et al., appellants, v. Wharton county, &c, appel-
lees. Appeal from the District court of Wharton county. [At
end:] Ballinger & Jack, Isaac N. Dennis, John W. Harris, coun-
sel for appellants. [Galveston? 1860.] 23 p. 21.5 cm. 1342
Caption title.
TxU.
Supreme court. Albert C. Horton, and others, versus the
County of Wharton, and others. Appeal from the District court
of Wharton county. [At end:] John W. Harris, Isaac N. Dennis,
Ballinger & Jack, counsel for appellants. [Galveston? 1860?]
43 p. 21.5 cm. 1343
Caption title.
TxU.
Houston,
Sam.
To Messrs. John W. Harris, Daniel D. Atchison, J. Carrol
Smith, A. S. Ruthven, Galveston, Texas. ... [Houston answers
their inquiry, made January 20th, "whether I will permit my
name 'to be used as a candidate for the Presidency, before the
Charleston Convention.' "] Sam Houston. Austin, Texas, March
25, 1860. The Southern Intelligencer—Extra, April 4, 1860.
Broadside. 1344
Not seen; the letter is printed in The
Writings
of
Sam
Houston,
VII,
545-554. where above source is cited.
Extract from Gen. Houston's letter to D. D. Atchison and
J. W. Harris, dated Austin, Texas, May 24, 1860, in response
to the San Jacinto resolutions. Austin, Intelligencer print,
1860. Broadside. 1 p. 134
5
MHi.
To the people of Texas. ... [In regard to the politics of John
Marshall.] Sam Houston. Austin, July 31, 1860. Broadside,
1 p. 1346*
Not seen: listed by Old Book Shop, New Orleans, 1934.
Address of Gen. Sam Houston, at the Union mass meeting,
Austin, Texas, on the 22nd of September, 1860. [n.p.] 7, [1]
p. 24.5 cm. 1347
On the back of page 7 is printed the following:
Union electoral ticket. Pledged to vote for the strongest candidates
against Lincoln and Hamlin.
State at large: Hon. William Steadman, of Rusk. George W. Paschal
Esq., of Travis.
Eastern district, Hon. B. H. Epperson, of Red River; Western district,
John H. Robson, Esq. of Colorado. [Also the names of four alternates
for each position.]
Chairman of Executive committee of correspondence, Hon. E. M. Pease,
Austin, Texas.
Houston,
Trinity
and
Tyler
railroad
company.
A bill to be entitled an act to incorporate the Houston, Trin-
ity and Tyler railroad company. Austin. Printed by Miner,
Lambert & Perry, Intelligencer office. 1860. Bp. 21.5 cm. 1348
TxU.
Huntsville,
Texas.
Citizens.
Letter of Gen. Sam Houston. His views respecting our po-
litical affairs. .. . [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in three col-
umns. 25.5 x 33.5 cm. (17.5 x 32 cm.) 1349
Gen. Houston's letter is dated Austin, November 20, 1860, and was
written in response to a request made by H. M. Watkins, P. W. Kittrell,
Sanford Gibbs, R. P. Archer, James L. Smither and sixty other citizens
of Huntsville.
For another edition see no. 1347.
TxU.
Gov. Sam Houston on the crisis. [At end:] Printed at "Daily
Civilian" steam job press, Strand, Galveston. 1860. 4 p., printed
in two columns. 23 cm. 1350
Tx. TxU.
Indianola,
Texas.
Beaumont & Stevens, attorneys and counsellors at law, In-
dianola, Calhoun county, Texas. .. . [Offer their service in the
investigation of land claims.] [n.p. n.d.] Folder with one page
of print. 20 cm. 1351
Tx.
Ingleside
college.
Ingleside,
Texas.
Ingleside college, Ingleside, San Patricio county, Texas. . ..
[Announcement that the third annual session will commence
September 3, 1860.] Henry Nold, A. M., president and pro-
prietor. Ranchero job print, Corpus Christi, Texas. Broadside.
1 p. 21 x27 cm. (16.5 x2l cm.) 1352
Tx (photostat.)
John,
I.
G.
Sermon on Christian education, by Rev. I. G. John. Preached
at La Grange, Nov. 7, 1859, by appointment, and published by
order of the Texas conference. Galveston: Printed on the
Texas Christian Advocate power press. 1860. 31 p. 21.8 cm.
ppw. 1353
TxU.
J
ohnson,
R.
W.
Manual of arms for Sharp's carbine and Colt's navy revolver,
arranged by Capt. R. W. Johnson, 2nd Reg't cavalry. San An-
tonio: Printed at the Herald office. 1860. 13 p. 15 cm. 1354
MnHi TxU.
Lavaca,
Texas.
With a view of confining ourselves exclusively to the for-
warding and commission business, we have disposed of our
entire stock of groceries and produce to Phillips & Hensley ...
Vaughn & Walker, Lavaca, January 1st, 1860. [n.p.] Broad-
side. 1 p. 23 x28 cm. (19 x 26 cm.) 1355
TxU.
Lea,
A.
M.
Aransas bar; its character and improvement. ... A. M. Lea,
engineer, Abel Hawley, constructor. Office of the Aransas road
company, Aransas, Texas, March 9, 1860. [n.p.] Broadside.
1 p., printed in three columns. 20 x 31.5 cm. (17.3 x 19
1356
cm.)
TxU.
Leland,
W.
W.
To the citizens of Karnes county and western Texas. .. .
[Announces his candidacy for Congress from the Western dis-
trict.] W. W. Leland. Galveston, April 3, 1860. [Galveston?]
Folder with one page of print. 27 cm. 1357
TxU.
Lipscomb,
Abner
E.
Defence of Abner E. Lipscomb, addressed to the Baptists of
Texas. Independence, Texas. 1860. 24 p. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1358
TxU. TxWB.
McAdoo,
J.
D.
Adress before the Grand lodge of Texas, at its annual com-
munication, held at La Grange, June 11th, 1860, A.L. 5860. By
J. D. McAdoo, grand orator. Galveston: Printed at the "News"
book and job office. 1860. 14 p. 21 cm. 1359
NNFM.
McClarty,
John.
Address on the life of J. Pinckney Henderson, late U. S. Sen-
ator, accompanied by the resolutions adopted by the House of
Representatives. 1360*
Not seen; 500 copies were printed (House
Journal,
8th
Legislature,
McEachern,
Duncan,
subject.
Died at his residence, near this place, this morning, at 4
o'clock, Duncan McEachern, aged 58 years. ... W. P. Brittain.
W. M. Euclid lodge no. 54, Rusk, Oct. 17, 1860. [Rusk? 1860.]
Broadside. 1p. 12.8 x 16.7 cm. (7.5 x 9.5 cm.) 1361
TxU.
McMillen,
Daniel.
Election for a Convention. ... [Recommends that an election
be held on January 8th, 1861, for two delegates to the State
convention.] Daniel McMillen, chief justice of Bell county.
December 11th, 1860. Belton? 1860. Broadside. 1 p. 10.5 x
19.5 cm. (6 x 13.5 cm.) 1362
TxU.
Martin,
J.
M.
H.
The dark conspiracy—the infamous plot. To the public: ...
[Criticism of John Marshall's accounts for public printing.]
J. H. M. Martin. Carthage, Panola co., Texas, September 24,
1860. [n.p.] Broadside. 2 p., printed in two columns. 23.5 x
56.5 cm. (18.5 x 51.5 cm.) 13
63
TxU.
Methodist
Episcopal
church,
south.
Minutes of the twenty-first session of the Texas annual con-
ference of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, held in Chap-
pell Hill, Texas, November 14th-21st, 1860. Bishop Andrew
presiding. With the reports of the Missionary secretary and
treasurer. Published by order of the conference. Galveston:
Printed at the Advocate book and job office. 1861. 30 p., 3 l.
22.7 cm. ppw. 1364
Tx.
Norton,
A.
B.
Speech of Hon. A. B. Norton, in vindication of history and
the Constitution and the Union, in the Texas Legislature, Jan-
uary 24th, 1860. [Southern Intelligencer power press print.
Austin, 1860.] 16 p., printed in two columns. 23 cm. 1365
Caption title.
TxU.
Odd-fellows.
Texas.
Proceedings of the R. W. Grand lodge of the Independent
order of odd-fellows, of the State of Texas, at the adjourned
session, at La Grange, Fayette co., April 25, 1859, and at its
annual communication, held at Galveston, February 7th, 1860.
Galveston: Printed at the Civilian book office, 1860. p. 878-970.
20.5 cm. 1366
TxWB.
Paschal,
I.
A.
Letter of Messrs. Paschal, French, and Wheeler and Fulton.
To Messrs. Brassey, Wise, Napier, Simpson and Robison. . ..
[Relative to an attempted sale of the San Antonio and Mexican
Gulf railway to an English party.] Austin: Printed by Miner,
Lambert & Perry, Intelligencer office. 1860. 14 p. 22 cm. 1367*
TxU.
Potter,
Reuben
Marmaduke.
The fall of the Alamo: a reminiscence of the revolution of
Texas. By R. M. Potter. San Antonio, Printed on the Herald
steam press. 1860. 16 p., plan. 21.5 cm. ppw. 1368
TxU. WHi.
Protestant
Episcopal
church.
Texas.
Constitution of the Diocesan missionary society of Texas,
with preliminary proceedings, and address by the bishop. Aus-
tin, Texas: Printed by Miner & Raven, Intelligencer office.
1860. 8 p., 1 1. 21.6 cm. 1369
Cover title.
TxU.
Journal of the eleventh annual convention of the Protestant
Episcopal church in the Diocese of Texas, held in Christ church,
Matagorda, April 13 and 14, 1860. Published for the Conven-
tion, [n.p.] 1860. 48 p. 20.5 cm. ppw. 1370
Cover title.
ICU. lU. MBD. MiD-B. NBuDD. Tx. TxU. WHi.
Randolph,
Cyrus
H.
To the voters of Texas. . . . [Asks for a second term as State
Treasurer.] [At end:] Cyrus H. Randolph. Austin, July 21st,
1860. [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p. 30 x 44.5 cm. (21.3 x 28
cm.) 1371
Tx.
Richardson
&
co.
Letter head: The Galveston "News," the largest paper in
Texas! . . . The Texas almanac . . . The Texas map . . . "News"
book and job office ... [Galveston, I860?] Broadside. 1 p.
21.7 x2B cm. (17.7 x 8.5 cm.) 1372
TxU.
.. . The Texas Almanac for 1861, with statistics, historical
and biographical sketches, &c, relating to Texas. The Galveston
News, weekly and, tri-weekly, by W. & D. Richardson. Terms:
Weekly, $3 per annum, payable in advance. Tri-weekly, $8 per
annum, payable quarterly. Best job office in the State! Book-
binding in all its branches. [Galveston, 1860.] 1 p. l., 336 p.
20 cm. ppw. 1373
Cover title.
[At head of cover title:] Postage, including map, four cents; payable
in advance, either at the office of publication or delivery.
Richardson's New map of the State of Texas, including part
of Mexico. Compiled from government surveys and other au-
thentic documents. Published by Charles Desilver. No. 714
Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Engraved expressly for the Texas
almanac. Corrected by H. Wickeland. 1860. 78.5 x 48.5 cm.
c1858. 1373x
Inset: Map showing proposed route of the Arkansas railroad and its
connections with the eastern roads.
There were two printings of the Almanac for 1861. The first probably
appeared in October, 1860. The Preface of the first printing fills an entire
page, is not dated, and contains the following explanation by the publisher:
"We have been delayed in our first issue somewhat later than we had
intended, expecting to be enabled to give a condensed table of our Census
reports, but as all the returns have not yet been received, we must defer
this important item for the present. The statistics for all the counties
will also be found incomplete, but in our next issue we expect to furnish
full returns from all, . . .
"In consequence of the unprecedented demand we had for our last year's
Almanac, we shall print a second edition, so that after our first issue of
thirty thousand copies is exhausted, we shall be able to supply any addi-
tional orders we may receive."
The preface to the second printing is shorter, carries the caption title,
"The Texas Almanac for 1860," and is dated Galveston, November 1st,
1860, with the following note from the publisher:
"The statistics for all the counties are still incomplete, ... Having
waited till the last moment for the Census reports, we are compelled to
go to press with the balance of our first issue, to which we .have made
some few additions of articles that had not reached us before. So soon
as the Census returns are complete, we will issue an extra sheet containing
them, as a supplement."
The
State
Gazette
contains additional information relative to the handi-
caps attending the publication of The
Texas
Almanac:
"Last week we received a copy of this able and popular work, published
by Messrs. Richardson & Co., of the Galveston News, and we make bold
to say, without any fear of contradiction, that it is the best almanac in
the United States. Their map, accompanying same, is the only one now
complete in Texas, as it contains the counties created by the last Legis-
lature.
"Among the reasons the publishers have had for having it stereotyped
at the North this year, are the following: 1st, their not having a press
with sufficient power to work off a large edition in time; 2nd, the necessity
of having it stereotyped, which could not be done in Texas; 3rd, their not
having the peculiar kind of type required for the calendar, and other
tables; 4th, the necessity for engravings, which could not be had in Texas;
5th, the impossibility of having their annual map executed in this State."
(The
State
Gazette,
Nov. 3, 1860, p. 2, c. 4.).
CSt ICN KHi. MB. MH. MHi. MWa. Mi. MoS. NH. NN. NNA.
Nh. OClW. RP. Tx. TxAbH. TxBrdD. TxCsA. TxDaM. TxDaN.
TxElp). TxGR. TxH. TxHSJM. TxU. WHi.
Roberts,
O.
M.
Address of Hon. 0. M. Roberts. Delivered before the Smith
county agricultural and mechanical society, [n.p.] 39, [1] p.
20 cm. 1374*
Caption title. The address was delivered on July 20, 1860.
TxU.
Speech of Judge 0. M. Roberts, of the Supreme court of Texas,
at the Capitol, on the 1st Dec., 1860, upon the "Impending
crisis." [Austin, 1860.] 32 p. 21 cm. 1375
Caption title.
A-Ar. MBAt. MH. NjP. Tx. TxGR. TxU.
Rose,
Preston
R.,
subject.
Funeral notice, ... of Preston R. Rose, . . . which will take
place this day, at 3 o'clock, from his late residence. Victoria,
Dec. 19, 1860. Broadside. 1 p. 11.5 x 17.7 cm. (5.8 x 8.3
cm.) 1376*
TxU.
Saladee,
Cyrus
W.
Saladee's Texas lands in Jefferson and Hardin counties, [n.p.
1860.] 8 p. 23 cm. 1377
*
TxU.
Salado
College.
Salado,
Texas.
Rules and regulations of Salado College, also an outline of
its organization. Adopted May 15, 1860. Belton: Printed at the
Belton Independent office. 1860. 4 p. 20.5 cm. 1378
TxU (Photostat).
San
Antonio,
Texas.
Cotillion party at the Menger hotel .. . [Invitation.] San
Antonio, July 25, 1860. Capt. King, J. E. Dwyer, L. R. Evans
J. D. Wade, H. Weschler, committee. Broadside. 1 p. 9x6
cm. (7.5 x 4 cm.) 1379*
TxU.
Tax ordinance. City of San Antonio, Texas. 1380*
Not seen; 100 copies each were ordered to be printed in English, German
and Spanish, January 16, 1860. (Journal
of
City
Council,
C, p. 220.)
San
Augustine,
Texas.
Citizens.
A voice from the Red Lands!! [San Augustine.] The Red-
land Express. [1860.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in three col-
umns. 25.5 x 42.5 cm. (19 x 35.5 cm.) 1381
This mass meeting at San Augustine, May 26th, approved the proceed-
ings of the San Jacinto Battle Ground meeting.
TxU.
San
Jacinto
Battle
ground
assembly.
Call made by the people of Texas! Resolutions adopted at the
Battle Ground of San Jacinto, April 21, 1860. [n.p.] Broad-
side. 1 p. 21.5 x 36 cm. (19 x 34.5 cm.) 1382
Gen. Sam Houston, for President. Presidential electors, Geo. W. Smyth,
Col. M. T. Johnson, state at large; Col. Sam Bogart, eastern district;
Jesse Grimes, western district.
TxU.
Shannon,
Wm.
R.
Speech of Hon. Wm. R. Shannon, of Johnson county, in the
House of Representatives of Texas, December, 1859, on the bill
to pay the Texas rangers and Peace commissioners. Austin:
Printed by Miner, Lambert and Perry, Intelligencer office, 1860.
7 p. 20.7 cm. 1383
TxU.
Sherwood
v.
Fleming.
Supreme court of Texas. Austin term, A.D. 1860. G. H. Sher-
wood and John T. Davis, appellants, vs. J. W. Fleming, appellee.
Appeal from San Saba county. Austin, Texas. H. H. Raven,
[n.d.] 22 p. 22 cm. 1384
TxComT.
Smith,
Coho.
The Union as it is. [A lithograph executed by Paul Henry
of Reunion, Dallas county, Texas.] 1385*
Not seen; a description of this lithograph was printed in the Dallas
Herald,
November 21, 1860, p. 3, c. 1.
Smith
v.
Taylor.
No. 1858. E. M. Smith, et al. vs. M. A. Taylor. Supreme
court, fall term, 1860. Brief of appellants. By F. W. Chandler,
Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co,, state printers, 1860.
8 p. 21.5 cm. 1386
At end: F. W. Chandler, attorney for plaintiff in error.
TxU.
Soule
University.
Chappell
Hill,
Texas.
Catalogue of Soule university, Chappell Hill, Texas. 1859-60.
Galveston: Texas Christian Advocate book press. 1860. 31 p.
22 cm. ppw.
TxU.
South
Carolina,
Legislature.
Resolutions in relation to Federal relations. 1388*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (House
Journal,
8th
Legislature,
d. 711.)
The
Southwest.
Waco,
Texas.
The Southwest is the name of a new journal, published in
the city of Waco, in this State, and edited by Wm. H. Parsons.
(The
State
Gazette,
Oct. 27, 1860, p. 3, c. 1.) 1389*
Not seen.
Stewart,
Wm.
H.
An extra session of the Legislature of the State of Texas to
be held at the city of Austin on the 3d Monday in December,
1860, and a State convention to be held at Galveston on the
8th January, 1861. [n.p.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in two col-
umns. 15 x 27.2 cm. (11.8 x 22.3 cm.) 1390
TxU.
Texas.
Attorney
General
(M.
D.
Graham.)
Report of the Attorney-general of the State of Texas. 1859
Printed by order of the eighth Legislature. Austin: Printed by
John Marshall & co., State printers. 1860. 15 p. 20.5 cm. 1391
Tx. TxU.
Texas.
Blind
institute.
Report of the trustees of Blind institution. 1392
MWatP.
Same. German edition. 1393*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Senate
Journal,
p. 598.)
Texas.
Citizens.
To our Fellow-citizens of the State of Texas. .. . [Call for
an election of delegates on January Bth to meet in Convention
at Austin on the 4th Monday in January.] D. M. Prendergast,
Lewistone co., John Gregg, Freestone co., L. K. Preston, Gal-
veston, and fifty-eight others. [John Marshall & co.? printers,
Austin, 1860.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in three columns. 27
x34 cm. (18.6 x 3O cm.) 1394
TxU.
Texas.
Comptroller.
(Clement
R.
Johns.)
Circular to assessors and collectors.
Sir: Herewith I send you a copy of the Tax law, approved
on the 11th inst., amending the law of February 11th, 1850.
[The Tax law is accompanied by the Comptroller's interpreta-
tions and instructions.] Clement R. Johns, comptroller. Aus-
tin, Feb. 15th, 1860. 12, [1] p. 1 fold, table. 21.5 cm. 1395
The table sets forth the "average value of lands per acre for 1859".
The table is lated February 14, 1860.
TxU.
Circular to assessors and collectors. .. . [Instructions for
making the assessments for the year 1860.] Clement R. Johns,
comptroller. Austin, March 22, 1860. Folder with one page of
print. 26.8 cm. 1396*
Circular to assessors and collectors. It becomes my duty to
call your attention to a Proclamation issued by Governor Hous-
ton, in which he attempts to authorize you to disregard instruc-
tions from this office . . .
I have appended a copy of my last instructions, and the cor-
respondence between this office and the Executive, on the sub-
ject in question. Clement R. Johns, comptroller. Austin, April
5, 1860. Broadside. 1 p., printed in three columns. 26 x 33
cm. (18 x28 cm.) 1397
The appended papers include
Comptroller's circular, March 22, 1860.
Governor's proclamation, March 24, 1860.
Comptroller's letter to the Governor, March 26, 1860.
TxU.
The arbitrary interference of Governor Houston to get execu-
tive control of the State government ... [Houston's letter to
Johns, May 1, 1860, and Johns' reply, May 11, 1860.] State
Gazette--Extra, [n.d.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in six columns.
43 x 59 cm. (36 x 54.3 cm.) 1398
TxU.
To the president and directors of the rail road company. . ..
[Notice that an annual report must be filed with the Comp-
troller, on the first day of June.] Broadside. 1 p. 22.5 x 33.5
cm. (17 x 29.5 cm.) 1399
Tx.
Circular. To assessors and collectors. . . . [Names of asses-
sors and collectors, whose accounts remain unsettled at the
close of the fiscal year, will be published.] Clement R. Johns,
comptroller. Austin, August 1st, 1860. Broadside. 1 p. 20.5 x
25.5 cm. (16.3 x 12 cm.) 1400
Circular. To assessors and collectors. ... [The chief justice
of your county has been notified that there is due your county
——, which can be deducted from taxes collected.] Clement
R. Johns, comptroller. Austin, September 10th, 1860. Broad-
side. 1 p. 20.5 x 25.5 cm. (17.7 x 16.5 cm.) 1401*
Texas.
Court
of
claims.
The law governing the Court of claims, and the regulations
of the office. Re-established February 7, 1860. Austin: Printed
by John Marshall & co., state printers. 1860. 17 p. 20.5
1402
cm.
Cover title.
TxU.
Land scrip. 640 acres. The State of Texas, Office of Com-
missioner of claims. This certificate entitles the Texas and New
Orleans railroad company, Texas division, to 640 acres ... Aus-
tin the —— day of —— A.D. 1860. Intelligencer print, Austin
city. Broadside. 1p. 22.8 x 32.2 cm. (19.3 x 27 cm.) 1403*
TxU.
Texas.
General
land
office.
(F.
M.
White.)
Abstract of titled and patented lands compiled from the rec-
ords of the General land office, of the State of Texas: arranged
by counties, embracing all the lands in the State, titled and
patented prior to the first day of December, 1859. Published
by authority of a Joint resolution of the eighth Legislature:
approved January 2, 1860. Austin: Printed by John Marshal
& co., state printers. 1860. 1 p. l., 1600 p. 21 cm. 1404
Some copies are bound in two volumes, but paged continuously.
DLC. Tx. TxGR. TxU.
[Land patent.] . . . [Grant to the Southern Pacific railroad
company 640 acres of land, located about 32 miles west of
Fort Chadbourne. By the governor. F. M. White, commis-
sioner .] 1404a
TxDaHi.
Texas.
Governor
(1859-1861.)
(Sam
Houston.)
Inaugural address. See
no. 1321.
Message of the Governor. January 13, 1860. [Austin: Printed
by John Marshall & co., state printers, 1860.] 15 p. 20 cm. 14O5
CU-B.
Same. German edition. l4O6*
Not seen; 500 copies were printed (Senate
Journal,
p. 592.)
Same. Spanish edition. 1407*
Not seen; 500 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 591.)
Message of Gov. Sam Houston, on the South Carolina resolu-
tions. By authority. Austin: Printed by John Marshall &
co
state printers. 1860. 16 p. 20.5 cm. 1408
y
21, 1860. The message was received by the House of Representatives, January
MeBa. MoS. TxU.
Same. German edition. 1409*
Not seen; 1500 copies were printed (Senate
Journal,
p. 592.)
Mensaje del Gov. Sam Houston, relaciones federales. Pub-
licada por orden de la Legislature. Austin: Impreso por John
Marshall i compania, impresores de estado. 1860. 16 p 21.5
cm. 14lO
TxU.
Message of Gov. Houston, of Texas, on secession. [San An-
tonio, Herald steam press, 1860.] 8 p. 27 cm. 1411
Caption title.
CU-B. CSmH. MH.
General orders. .. . [The chief justice of each frontier county
in danger from Indians is directed to organize a minute detach-
ment.] Sam Houston, commander in chief. Executive depart-
ment, February 18, 1860. [Austin, 1860.] Broadside 1 p. 16
x 35 cm. (12 x 3O cm.) 14l2
Tx.
Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Texas....
[Takes exception to the Comptroller's circular of instructions
to the assessors and collectors in so far as it relates to fixing
he "average value" of land.] Sam Houston. Austin, March
24, 1860. Broadside. 1 p., printed in two columns. 15.7 x 30.3
cm. (12 x26 cm.) 1413
The copy of this proclamation in TxU has the words "twenty-fourth"
in the date lined through with pen and the figure "31st" written in margin.
Tx. TxU.
Proclamation by the Governor of Texas. ... [Orders an elec-
tion to be held on May 7, 1860, for District judge and District
attorney of the 20th Judicial District.] Sam Houston. Austin,
April 2, 1860. Printed at the Southern Intelligencer job office,
Austin, Texas. Broadside. 1 p. 35 x 46.8 cm. (29.5 x 41
cm.) 1414
Tx.
Commission of E. J. C. Robertson as brigadier general of
the militia with orders to organize the 27th brigade comprising
Milam, Williamson, Burnet, Bell and Lampasas counties. By
the governor. E. W. Cave, Secretary of state. Austin, April
14, 1860. Intelligencer print, Austin city. 1415
TxDaHi.
Election proclamation by the Governor. .. . [Orders an elec-
tion to be held August 6, 1860, for State and District officers.]
Sam Houston. Austin, June 15, 1860. [Austin:] Intelligencer
job print. Broadside. 1 p. 48.5 x 6O cm. (42 x53 cm.) 14l6
Tx.
Defence of the Governor against the attacks of the Comp-
troller, [at end:] Sam Houston. Austin, July 18, 1860. [n.p.
Austin: Intelligencer job print? 1860.] Broadside. 1 p., printed
in five columns. 32.5 x 53 cm. (29 x5l cm.) 14l7
Incorporated in the Governor's defence are the following communications:
Notice to Rangers by Jno. M. Swisher, paymaster.
Notice to Rangers and to the people of Texas by Clement R. Johns,
comptroller.
Governor to Comptroller, June 30, July 2, and 6, 1860.
Comptroller to Governor, July 2, and 5, 1860.
Tx. TxU.
Proclamation by the Governor. . . . [Orders an election to be
held on Nov. 6, 1860, for electors of President and Vice-Presi-
dent.] Sam Houston. Austin, Sept. 19, 1860. Broadside. 1 p.
34 x 47 cm. (29.5 x 40 cm.) 1418
Tx.
Proclamation by the Governor of Texas. . . . [Orders an elec-
tion to be held Dec. 2, 1860, to fill the vacancy in the office of
District attorney of the 12th Judicial district, created by the
resignation of A. B. Bacon.] Sam Houston. Austin, Oct. 17,
1860. 32.5 x 41 cm, (29.3 x 36.5 cm.) 14l9
Tx.
Thanksgiving Day. Proclamation. . . . [Thursday, November
29, 1860, appointed as a day of Thanksgiving and prayer.] Sam
Houston. Austin, Oct. 27, 1860. Folder with one page of print.
25.5 cm. 1420
Tx.
Proclamation by the Governor of Texas. .. . [Declares the
plan of Clement R. Johns, comptroller, to pay off the officers
and soldiers of Capt. W. C. Dalrymple's company in Treasury
warrants to be illegal.] Sam Houston. Austin, Nov. 9, 1860.
Broadside. 1p. 45 x 47.5 cm. (29.2 x39 cm.) 142l
Tx. TxU.
Proclamation by the Governor of Texas. .. . [The Secretary
of state ordered an election to be held in Trinity county for the
election of an assessor and collector in place of A. J. West, "de-
clared to be a defaulter." The District judge enjoined the offi-
cers appointed to hold said election, and no election was held.
Holding that these proceedings interfered with the Executive
department, the Governor instructed the chief justice of Trinity
county to proceed forthwith to hold an election for assessor and
collector.] Sam Houston. Austin, Nov. 12, 1860. Broadside.
1 p. 35.8 x 45.8 cm. (29.3 x 38 cm.) 1422
Tx.
Proclamation by the Governor of Texas. . . . [Convenes the
Legislature to meet in extra session on January 21st, 1861.]
Sam Houston. Austin, December 17th, 1860. Broadside. 1 p.
7 x 15 cm. (5.5 x 12.5 cm.) 1423
Tx. TxU.
Election proclamation by the Governor of Texas! ... [Orders
elections to be held to fill vacancies in the Legislature.] Sam
Houston. Austin, Dec. 17, 1860. 1 p. 34.8 x 43.6 cm. (29.2 x
36.5 cm.) 1424
Tx.
Election Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Texas.
... [Orders an election to be held February 4, 1860, for seven
delegates to represent Texas in a Convention of the Southern
States.] Sam Houston. Austin, December 27, 1860. Broadside.
1 p. 35 x 72 cm. (29 x 68 cm.) 1425
Tx.
Texas.
Laws,
statutes,
etc.
An act to provide for the organization of the militia of the
State of Texas. Approved Feb. 14, 1860. Austin, Texas: Printed
by Miner & Raven, Intelligencer office. 1860. 19, [1.] p. 20
cm. 1426
TxU.
General laws of the eighth Legislature of the State of Texas.
By authority. Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state
printers. 1860. 151 p. 1 l. 21 cm. 1427
Cu-Law. Ia. IaU-L. In-SC. L. MdBB. NNLI. Nb. Nc-S. Nj.
Nv. OcLaw. R. Tx. TxU. W.
Allgemeine gesetze der 8. Legislatur. 151 p. 11. 20.5 cm. 1428*
Title page wanting.
Tx.
Special laws of the eighth Legislature, convened Nov. 7th,
1859. By authority. Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co.,
state printers. 1860. 292 p. 11. 21cm. 1429
CU-Law. Ia. IaU-L. In-SC. L. Mi-L. Nb. Nj. Nv. NNLI.
OCLaw. T. Tx. TxGR. TxU. TxU-L. W.
Texas.
8th
Legislature
(Nov.
7-Feb.
13,
1860.)—
Continued,
Senate.
Majority and minority reports of the Committee on state
affairs to whom was referred the message of the Governor,
transmitting the resolutions of the General assembly of the
State of South Carolina, and Joint resolutions concerning fed-
eral relations. [Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state
printers. 1860.] Broadside. 1 p., printed in two columns. 28
x 41 cm. (20.3 x 39.2 cm.) 143O
TxU.
Journal of the Senate of Texas, eighth Legislature. By au-
thority. Austin: Printed by John Marshall & co., state printers.
1860. 638 p. 20 cm. 14
31
ICU. Mi. Nb. Nj. Or. Tx. TxGR.
Texas.
8th
Legislature
(Nov.
7-Feb.
13,
1860)—
Continued,
House
of
Representatives.
A bill to apportion the State into Senatorial and Representa-
tive districts. 14
32
Not seen: 200 copies were printed (House
Journal,
p. 710.)
A bill to appropriate lands to the asylums, and provide for
the location and sale of the same. 1433*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid,,
p. 710.)
Joint resolution to sell outlying territory to the United States
for Indian purposes. 1434*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 710.)
Joint resolution appropriating $20,000 for pay of members
of Congress. 1435*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 710.)
A bill to authorize the county courts of this State to prohibit
certain stock from running at large on certain conditions. 1436*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 710.)
A bill, making an appropriation for the erection of suitable
buildings for the Lunatic asylum, and for the support and main-
tenance of the same for the years 1860 and 1861. Broadside.
2p. 19.7 x32 cm. (16.3 x 24.2 cm.) 1437
This document comprises: Report by B. Graham, M. D., superintendent
of the Lunatic asylum, addressed to the Joint committee on public build-
ings, Texas Legislature, the report of the Joint committee, and the bill.
TxU.
A bill to amend the 4th, 8th, 15th, and 18th sections of the
act to provide for the assessment and collection of taxes, ap-
proved Feb. 11th, 1850. 1438*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 711.)
A bill to ascertain and adjudicate certain legal claims for
land against the State situated between the Nueces and Rio
Grande rivers. 1439*
Not seen; 100 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 711.)
Minority report of Committee on Federal relations. Joint
resolutions. 1440*
Not seen; 200 copies were printed (Ibid.,
p. 711.)
Captions of the acts passed at the present session of the Leg-
islature. 1441*
Not seen; 2000 copies were ordered to be printed (Ibid.,
p. 619.)
Journal of the House of Representatives, eighth Legislature.
State of Texas. By authority. Austin: Printed by John Mar-
shall & co., state printers. 1860. 775 p. 21 cm. 1442
ICU. Mi. NL. Nj. Tx. TxCsA. TxGR. TxHYM-L. Tx. TxU.
Texas.
Peace
commissioners.
Report of John Henry Brown in relation to Indian Reserve
difficulties. Austin: State Gazette book and job office, 1860. 12
p., printed in three columns. Qto. 1443*
JHW.
Texas.
Penitentiary.
Report of the financial agent of the Penitentiary. 1444*
Not seen; 375 copies were printed (Senate
Journal,
p. 599.)
Texas
State
Gazette.
State Gazette appendix, containing debates in the House of
Representatives, of the eighth Legislature, of the State of Texas.
Reported by F. W. Weeks. Volume IV. City of Austin: State
Gazette office—John Marshall & co., state printers. 1860. 2
p.l, 184 p., printed in three columns. 28 cm. 1445
CU-B. MiU. Tx. TxDaHi. TxU. WHi.
Texas
Stock
importing
company.
Galveston,
Texas.
Stock importing company. ... [Meeting of the stockholders
at Galveston, April 5, 1860.] F. R. Lubbock, president, Edward
Riordan, secretary. [Houston: Telegraph print, 1860.] Broad-
side. 1 p. 19.5 x 8 cm. (16.5 x 6 cm.) 1446
Directors: F. R. Lubbock, B. F. Terry, John H. Herndon, J. D. Waters,
Geo. Quinan, John A. Wharton, Stephen S. Perry.
TxU.
Texas.
Supreme
court.
Reports of cases argued and decided in the Supreme court
of the State of Texas during Austin session, 1858, and part of
Galveston session, 1859. By George F. Moore and Richard S.
Walker. Vol. XXII. Philadelphia: Kay & brother, law book-
sellers, publishers and importers. No. 19 South sixth street,
1860. [Crissy & Markley, printers.] 4, viii, 799 p. 23 cm. l447x
Reports of cases argued and decided in the Supreme court of
the State of Texas during part of Galveston session, and part
of Tyler session, 1859. By George F. Moore and Richard S.
Walker. Vol. XXIII. Philadelphia: Kay & brother, law book-
sellers, publishers and importers. No. 19 South sixth street,
1860. [Pile & McElroy, printers.] vii, 756 p. 22.5 cm. l448x
Tucker,
Philip
C.,
Jr.
Administrator's sale of Fisher J. Miller's colony lands! .. .
[These lands were part of the Memucan Hunt estate. Date of
sale, January 1, 1861.] Philip C. Tucker, Jr., administrator.
Galveston, December 8th, 1860. Printed at the "Civilian" steam
job press, Strand, Galveston. Broadside. 1 p. 30.5 x 48 cm.
(27.5 x 36.5 cm.) 1449
TxU.
Wheeler,
R.
T.
Letter of the Hon. R. T. Wheeler, chief justice. Austin, Dec.
15, 1860. Editor of the State Gazette. [At end:] R. T. Wheeler.
State Gazette--Extra, Austin, December 27, 1860. Broadside.
1 p., printed in three columns. 27.3 x 41.7 cm. (18 x 39
cm.) 1450
Wigfall,
Louis
T.
Speech of Louis T. Wigfall, on the pending political issues;
delivered at Tyler, Smith county, Texas, September 3, 1860.
Published by request of the Breckenridge and Lane club of
Smith county. [Tyler, 1860.] 28 p. 25 cm. 1451
Caption title.
TxU.
Speech of Col. L. T. Wigfall. [n.p. n. 2.] Broadside. 1 p.,
printed in five columns. 36 x 60.5 cm. (31 x 54.5 cm.) 1452
TxU.
Wilson,
James
C.
Address, delivered in Gonzales, Texas, November 17, 1860,
by Rev. James C. Wilson, at the request of his fellow-citizens,
without distinction of party. Published by a committee of citi-
zens. [At end:] Gonzales Inquirer print. [1860.] 12 p., printed
in two columns. 20 cm. 1453
Caption title.
MH. TxU.
Notes and Documents
The Old Red House at Nacogdoches
The Reverend George L. Crocket, a minister and friend
to all, was well-known and well-loved. His years of service
to the people of Nacogdoches and San Augustine gave him a
thorough knowledge of the social history of East Texas and a
sympathetic understanding of its people. He knew their aspira-
tions, their accomplishments, their problems, their gains and
losses, and their dreams for the future. This knowledge was
based on an intimate acquaintance with the records of their
history as well as his association with them in their homes and
places of business.
Much of Crocket's leisure time during his ministry was spent
in collecting records of the past and in writing of both the past
and his own time. His talents were varied; he employed the
drawing pencil and paint brush as well as the pen. After he
had retired from the ministry, he devoted his time to the publi-
cation of his history, Two
Centuries
in
East
Texas.
Unfortunately, because of the great expense entailed in re-
production, his water color sketches of the old homes and public
buildings of Nacogdoches and San Augustine were not included
as illustrations in his book. He treasured and kept his sketch-
book, however, and shortly before his death he gave it to Dr.
Fred Tucker, his kinsman and friend. The sketchbook is now
owned by Mrs. Lucille Tucker and Fred Tucker, Jr., with whose
kind permission it has been placed in the historical collection
of Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College.
All who have seen the sketchbook have fallen under the spell
of its charm and have been delighted that Crocket saved for
posterity a glimpse of these old homes of our ancestors. Al-
though the drawings frequently lack the proper perspective and
the precision of line of the trained artist, they have a certain
quaint charm and delicacy of their own, and they depict many
buildings, since torn down, of which no photograph or other pic-
ture now exists.
The pencil sketch of the "Old Red House" of Nacogdoches,
which accompanies this article, is one leaf from Crocket's sketch-
book. In 1895, while he was rector of the Episcopal Church in
San Augustine, Crocket spent a week or two vacationing in
Nacogdoches and entertained himself by making sketches of the
old houses, buildings, and streets of the town. The sketch of
the "Old Red House" is chosen for reproduction here because
the story of the house is so closely interwoven with much of
the early history of Nacogdoches.
Once a prominent building in the old Mexican town of Nacog-
doches, only less well-known than the old Stone Fort, the "Old
Red House" was torn down shortly before 1912. Its days of
splendor and service had faded with the hustling growth of the
business section of the town in the early years of the twentieth
century. Only a granite slab, erected by the State of Texas
during the Centennial, marks its site and records on the cold
stone a few brief facts of its history--a colorless grey marker
for a once colorful old building.
The "Red House" stood near the principal plaza of the Mex-
ican town of Nacogdoches on the street that "runs from east
to west from the bayou La Nana to the bayou Banita," near
the corner of "the street that passes in front of the church."
1
In other words, the building was on Pillar Street near the cor-
ner of North Street and almost in the center of the block imme-
diately west of the main square.
After the Fredonian Rebellion had threatened for a brief
period to create and establish an independent state in eastern
Texas, General Mateo Ahumada stationed the 12th Battalion of
The Mexican Army in Nacogdoches. Colonel José de las Piedras
was placed in command of the post to maintain order in the
district and control the frontier. The colonel found no buildings
in the town suitable for the accommodation of himself, his
officers, and his 320 Mexican soldiers. Shortly after his arrival
in April, 1827, Colonel José de las Piedras and his officers peti-
tioned the government of Mexico for grants to lots in the town
of Nacogdoches in order to build for themselves suitable dwell-
ing places. Their petitions and the resultant grants still exist
among the archives in Nacogdoches County.
Although Piedras received several grants to lots and lands,
just how he acquired title to the site of the "Red House" is not
of record. Perhaps, as R. B. Blake states, he simply confiscated
the property.
2 It is certain that Jose Antonio Sepulveda, pro
-
curador,
later claimed to have purchased the lot on which the
"Red House" stood, as well as a house and lot just north of it,
from one Leonardo de Buca in 1820.
3
Tradition states that the "Red House" was built by Colonel
José de las Piedras in 1827, as indicated by the title of Crocket's
sketch. It is probable that Colonel Piedras occupied the small
adobe house of the deceased and long forgotten Leonardo de
Buca while the construction of more commodious quarters was
undertaken.
The "Red House" was a frame and adobe building, its walls
were constructed of thin laths of wood plastered over with
adobe made from the red clay soil of Nacogdoches,
4 Thus the
house obtained a pleasant reddish tone, which offered a pleasing
contrast to the dark green of the sheltering trees and the deep
blue of the Texas sky and seemed completely indigenous to the
soil from which it sprang. Hence, it derived its name, the
"Red
House."
The actual building of the house possibly covered a period
of a year or more. At least, Colonel José de las Piedras pur-
chased a great quantity of lumber from Colonel Peter Ellis
Bean The unsettled balance of that account shows items pur-
chased from December 15, 1830, to December 21, 1831.
5 At that
time Colonel Bean had a retail lumber yard in the town of
Nacogdoches on the east side of the main plaza, just south of
the present Stone Fort Bank.
6 It may be assumed that some,
at least of the lumber listed in Piedras' account with Colonel
Bean was used in the construction of the "Red House," though
Colonel Piedras may have also been building houses on the other
property that he had acquired during the years he was sta-
tioned in Nacogdoches.
Colonel Piedras made the "Red House" into a large and com-
fortable dwelling, a place of distinction in the Mexican town
of Nacogdoches. As headquarters for Piedras and his officers,
it was frequently referred to as the cuartel
7 During the time
that Piedras occupied the "Red House," it was the center of the
military and civil authority as well as much of the social life
of the town.
Nacogdoches was then a lively place. Through its main
square passed a crowd to excite the wonder of a traveler. The
more than three hundred Mexican troops, who occupied the post,
stood guard or came and went on their missions on the frontier,
their uniforms a striking contrast to the buckskin and home-
spun of the Anglo-American pioneers and gaudy blankets and
showy headdress of the great numbers of Indians of almost all
tribes who frequented the town for the purpose of trading their
game, furs, and dried buffalo tongues for guns, powder, and
provisions.
8
On Sundays masses were celebrated in the streets. The
church, built in 1801, was in ruins having been desecrated and
partially destroyed during the period of the revolt against Spain,
The fandangoes, in which all participated, clerics as well as
laity, were a sight to arouse the wonder and sometimes the
shocked surprise of newly arrived Protestants who had other
notions of propriety.
consulted with him frequently about the laws and conditions
affecting the colonists. While Colonel Piedras was every inch
a military commandant, staunchly loyal to the central govern-
ment and fully determined to hold Texas against all foreigners,
he was not, at first, personally unpopular with the Anglo-Amer-
icans settled in the region. He was courteous, considerate, and
tactful in his dealings with them. Distrusting the liberty loving
Americans and their independent notions and fearing their
designs, he adopted a policy of conciliation. His mild and gen-
tlemanly manner, however, cloaked an iron will and a deter-
mination to exact blind obedience. 10 In 1832 the troubles at
Anahuac produced a crisis. The colonists around Nacogdoches
demanded that Colonel Piedras declare his adherence to Santa
Anna and the Constitution of 1824. On his refusal, he and his
troops were driven from the Stone Fort, the ruined church, and
the cuartel, or "Red House," in a skirmish known as the "Battle
of Nacogdoches." His officers were republicans and not in sym-
pathy with him. Piedras, realizing that he did not have suf-
ficient strength to resist the colonists and seeing no evidence of
immediate support from his government, surrendered to his
officers who declared for Santa Anna and gave themselves up
to a small band of colonists. All returned to Nacogdoches where
Piedras was made a prisoner in the "Red House" while the vic-
tors feasted on supplies plundered from his larder. 11 Piedras,
lonely and disconsolate, sat apart and brooded over the loss of
control of the frontier. No Mexican troops were to remain east
of San Antonio. Nacogdoches was open to all comers. It was
soon to become a center of revolutionary activity. Perhaps he
foresaw that his "Red House" would become the home of some
of the leaders of the Texas Revolution.
Piedras had received little pecuniary reward for his labors
in East Texas. Always pressed for cash, in the summer of 1832
he had written Colonel Elosua, "I am notable to count on ten
dollars in silver for the expenses of this expedition, and I hope
that you may procure some aid of this kind for me, without
which I shall find myself in danger."
12 For most of his pur-
chases he could only give boletas
or due bills on the Mexican
government.
13 After Piedras' expulsion from Nacogdoches, Am-
brose Sompeyrac, of Natchitoches, was agent for his property.
14
The "Red House" was rented to new settlers and in 1835 be-
came the first Texas home of Thomas J. Rusk.
15 Major Arthur
Henrie, a surveyor under the Mexican government, also lived
in a part of the "Red House." After the "Runaway Scrape"
and while General Rusk was in command of the Army of Texas,
Mrs Rusk and her children lived for a few weeks in San
Augustine, but they had returned to the "Red House" by August
24. 1836. .. . .
Shortly after the Texas Revolution, the creditors of Colonel
Piedras brought suit against him, describing him as an "ab-
sconded debtor." In the suit of Colonel Bean vs.
Piedras, Thom-
as J. Rusk represented Bean, while F. J. Starr was appointed
attorney for Piedras. Judgment having been obtained in the
county court of Nacogdoches County, Piedras' property was
sold under execution.
16 General Rusk bought the "Red House"
and continued to make it his home until 1841 when he rented
the house of Somperac for eighteen months.
When General Rusk moved to his farm north of town, he sold
the "Red House" to Judge Bennett Blake, February 10, 1845.
A few months later Judge Blake rented the building to the
newly chartered Nacogdoches University. This institution, the
only non-sectarian university to be chartered by the Republic
of Texas, opened its doors on the first Monday in September,
1845.
17 The lower story was used for classrooms, living quar-
ters for the Reverend Mr. Montrose, the first president, and
his family, and a dormitory for male students. Female stu-
dents had their dormitory upstairs. At the close of the first
session the Trustees of Nacogdoches University purchased the
property from Judge Blake.
18
In later years the old building was used as an inn. The bell
shown in the picture was the inn's dinner bell. Its call could
be heard daily through the square and business district of the
town. Time and neglect brought the old building to a state of
delapidation, and it was finally torn down. An early landmark
of the Republic and of the State of Texas was gone. A stone
marker, one old photograph, and a leaf from Crocket's sketch-
book alone remain to remind the present generation of its con-
nection with the history and development of Texas.
FOOTNOTES:
Hoya Abstract Office, Nacogdoches, Texas.
March 5. 1936.
of Texas.
"Translation of the Bill of Lumber furnished by P. E. Bean to Dn. José de las Piedras"
Don José de las Piedras-To Mr. Peter E. Bean, Dr.
1936. Abstract of Title of a Part of the N. de la Cerda. Courtesy of
Roy Gray, Hoya Abstract Office, Nacogdoches, Texas.
Historical Quarterly, XXXVI, 201-202.
scripts), Vol. G, p. 181. Compiled by R. B. Blake.
in East Texas, 159.
State Historical Association, VI, 292.
Quarterly, XXXI, 75.
County. Record in District Clerk's Office.
The Reverend George L. Crocket.
Notes on Some Workers in Texas
Entomology, 1839~1880
S
.
Extended historical investigations have revealed some ninety-
eight entomologists, mostly amateurs, who collected or
studied insects in Texas from 1833 to 1880. The earliest of
these naturalists appears to have been Thomas Drummond,
Scottish botanist, who collected insects for William Kirby, in
Austin's Colony in 1833-34. I list here with brief biographical
notes twenty-three of the more noted or productive of these
students and collectors. Entomologists will at once recognize
and remember eleven of the workers listed: Thomas Affleck,
G. W. Belfrage, E. T. Cresson, Jacob Boll, S. S. Haldeman,
Harry Brous, L. Heiligbrodt, G. Lincecum, J. D. Mitchell, Rev-
erend H. C. McCook, and E. A. Schwarz. I hope that no apology
is needed for the inclusion of the other twelve and that the
publication of this list will stimulate further historical activity
by members of the Texas Entomological Society. During the
past decade this society has collected historical materials on
former entomological work in Texas—data well worth preser-
vation for historians and men of science. Its activity in setting
up memorials in the last five years to Gustav W. Belfrage and
Wilhelm Bruckisch deserves unstinted praise alike from en-
tomologists and historians.
The selected list of early workers in Texas entomology fol-
ows:
Affleck, Isaac Dunbar (1844-1919).-Affleck worked out several point
for H M McCookqv on the life-history of the Texas agricultural ant.
He observed weather relations, the forms of the "disks" of the nests
studied the sorts of seeds stored in the nests, and described the marriage
flight" in the species. He also collected for McCook notes on the cutting
ant. [See McCook, The
Natural
History
of
the
Agricultural
Ant
of
Texas
(1879) 15] Affleck was born in Washington, Adams County, Mississippi
October 24, 1844, and died at Austin, Texas, April 18, 1919. He was the
son of Thomas Affleck. His education was interrupted by the Civil War
in which he was a member of Terry's Texas Rangers. He was a great
reader and student all of his life.
Affleck, Thomas (1812-68).—Affleck came to Brenham, Texas, from
Washington, Mississippi, in 1857 and there resided until his death. A
native of Scotland, he had come to America in 1832; he was editor of the
Western
Farmer
&
Gardener
(Cincinnati), 1840-42 and had a large
nursery at Washington, Mississippi (1842-57), and at Brenham (1857-68).
He published his valuable Bee
Breeding
in
the
West
at Cincinnati in 1841.
"He was a great nurseryman and progressive agriculturist, and one of
the greatest forces in the rehabilitation of Texas after the Civil War."
Numerous publications: Geiser, Horticulture
and
Horticulturists
in
Early
Texas
(1945), 31-32, gives numerous titles; see also Dictionary
of
Amer
-
ican
Biography.
Belfrage, Gustav Wilhelm (1834-82).—A Swedish entomologist, he came
to Texas in 1867; he worked chiefly in McLennan, Bosque, and perhaps
Williamson counties. Ezra T. Cresson's Hymenoptera
Texana
(1872) was
based largely on his collections of Hymenoptera. Extensive collections by
Belfrage are in the United States National Museum, the Natural History
Museum at Stockholm, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
the British Museum (Natural History), the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Cambridge, and the Royal Natural History Museum at Brussels.
For biographical details, see Geiser, Naturalists
of
the
Frontier
(1937)
289 ff.
Boll, Jacob (1828-80).--This Swiss naturalist and entomologist who
came to Texas in 1869 was at one time Assistant in Entomology at the
Museum of Comparative Zoology under Louis Agassiz. In 1869, he ex-
plored the natural history of Texas (all fields) for the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology. Eduard Dämel of Hamburg was Boll's European agent.
Boll's collections of insects at his death were divided between B. Neumoegen
and C. V. Riley and finally reached the Brooklyn Museum and the United
States National Museum. After 1878, Boll collected vertebrate fossils from
the Permian of northwest Texas for Professor E. D. Cope of Philadelphia.
These collections are now in the American Museum of Natural History.
Boll's work in the exploration of the natural history of Texas was of the
greatest importance. He published a number of papers in botany, ento-
mology, and geology. For further data, see Geiser, Naturalists
of
the
Frontier,
(1937), 22 ff.
Brous, Dr. Harry A. (71850-1906).--Brous came with Professor E. D.
Cope to Helotes, Bexar County, Texas, in September, 1877. He worked
here about three weeks and made reports to the United States Ento-
mological Commission. A notable entomologist, he was especially interested
in beetles. Native of Manhattan, Kansas, he was graduated from the
Kansas State Agricultural College in 1874 and from the Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, in 1878.
Bruckisch, Wilhelm (1802-77).—Bruckisch, scientific beekeeper, early
associate, friend, and protagonist of Pastor Johann Dzierzon, "the bee-
master of Europe," was born at Postelwitz, Silesia, was "Rentmeister" at
Koppitz bei Grottkau, in Silesia. He founded (1847) the Silesian Bee-
keepers' Society and was its president until his departure for Texas in
1853. He was beekeeper and horticulturist at Hortontown on the Guada-
upe (near New Braunfels) from 1853 to 1877. He published six German
editions of his Bienenbuch
(1847-61), and his Besste
[sic] Bienenzuchts
-
methode
nach
Pfarrer
Dzierzon
(1866). He was also editor (1850-53) of
Die
preussischen
Bienennachrichten.
He also published an extended article,
"Bee
Culture," in the Annual
Report
for
1860
(Agriculture) of the United
States Commissioner of Patents (pp. 268-301).
Bryant, A. H. R.—An excellent student of entomology, resident of
Clarksville (1871), Kemp (1873), and Pilot Point (1877-85), Bryant was
captain of Co. D., 34th Dismounted Cavalry, Walker's Texas Division,
C.S.A. In 1871 he sent gifts of insects and natural history specimens to
the museum of the United States Department of Agriculture, and in 1873,
examples of the work of carpenter bees in cedar. He was correspondent
of the United States Entomological Commission in 1877. Bryant published
three papers on Texas insects in the American
Entomologist,
II, (1869-70).
Cresson, Ezra Townsend (1838-1926).—During the year 1859, this
(later) distinguished entomologist lived at New Braunfels, Texas, and
made insect and other collections. His Hymenoptera
Texana
(1872) is a
valuable work on Texan entomology. He was a notable entomologist, long
connected with the American Entomological Society. His published papers
number at least fifty.
Friedrich, Otto (1800-80).—Lepidopterist and naturalist, living in the
hills near present Gruene, Comal County, Friedrich came to Texas with
Ferdinand Lindheimer about the time of the Texan Revolution. He re-
turned to Germany after the Revolution but came back to Texas to stay
in 1850. He was Smithsonian meteorological observer at New Braunfels
from 1857 to 1860.
Haldeman, Samuel Stehman (1812-80) .—At the end of the year 1851,
Haldeman, an entomologist and philologist, came to Texas from Philadel-
phia. He had been offered the presidency of some unidentified Texas edu-
cational institution. He declined the proffered position and started back
to Philadelphia in January, 1852. On the return trip he paused to inspect
the Masonic College at Selma, Alabama. Its presidency was offered to
him, and he acted as its president from January to October, 1852. Biog-
raphies of Haldeman usually state that he was professor of natural history
at the University of Pennsylvania from 1851 to 1855 and make no mention
of the Selma episode nor the call to Texas. Haldeman was a consummate
naturalist and entomologist.
Heiligbrodt, Ludolph (1847-1911).—While a clerk in the general store
of F. Soder & Company, at Fedor, Lee County, Heiligbrodt encountered
the published works of Hermann Burmeister. These stimulated him to
collect insects. He sent a collection to the agricultural museum of the
United States Department of Agriculture (1871), and during the same
year, naturalia
to the Smithsonian Institution. Cresson's Hymenoptera
Texana
(1872) used his collections from Bastrop County. For forty years
Heiligbrodt was a teacher in the schools of Bastrop. He was corresponding
with Samuel Henshaw in 1878. In 1883-84, his very extensive collector
of insects was in the Texas exhibit at the New Orleans Cotton Exposition
HOWARD, Dr. William Rapp (1848-1912).—An apiculturist, Howard was
born in Fulton County, Arkansas, and died in Fort Worth, Texas. In 1852
his parents moved to Marshfield, Missouri. From 1863 to 1865, he attended
school in Rhode Island. "He graduated A.B. from Kelso University." In
1873, he took M.D. from Saint Louis Medical College, and (1879) from
the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Baltimore. He came to White
Rock, Hunt County, Texas, in 1876, and practiced there until 1886, when
he removed to Fort Worth. He was a member of the first faculty of the
medical department of Fort Worth University, and occupied the chair of
Histology, Bacteriology, Pathology, and Hygiene. Outside of medicine, he
did efficient and valuable work on the biology of the honey bee. In 1877,
when the Texas State Beekeepers' Association was formed, he was elected
its first secretary. In 1894, the American
Bee
Journal
published and dis-
tributed his excellent work, Foulbrood:
its
Natural
History
and
Rational
Treatment.
Biographical data, with bibliography, in Geiser, Horticulture
and
Horticulturists
in
Early
Texas
(1945), 52-53.
King, Helen Selina (Lewis).--Mrs. King was the wife of Dr. V. O. King,
at one time a well-known physician in Texas, residing in San Antonio.
She published several valuable papers on light-producing insects in Psyche
in the 'seventies and 'eighties.
Lincecum, Dr. Gideon (1793-1874).--Lincecum, a naturalist, was a resi-
dent at Long Point, Washington County, Texas, from 1848 to 1874. His
most noted observations were made on the agricultural ant of Texas. His
"Autobiography" in Mississippi
Historical
Society
Publications,
VIII
(1904), 443-519; Geiser, Naturalists
of
the
Frontier
(1937), 253 ff.; and
P. I. Nixon, Texas
State
Journal
of
Medicine,
XXXVI (1940), 34-38 give
together a full account of his work. He published a number of papers on
insects in American
Naturalist,
the Texas
Almanac,
and other serials.
Matthes, Dr. Benno (1825-1911).--This German-American herpetologist
and all-round naturalist in his Reise-Bilder;
Bilder
aus
Texas
(1861), 78ff.,
gives an enchanting account of a fight between a wasp and a tarantula,
anticipating Lincecum's later accounts of the tarantula-killer of Texas.
Matthes was born in Liegnitz, Silesia, on September 15, 1825; lived in
Texas from 1853 to 1859, and from 1865 to 1911 (chiefly at Round Top
and Fayetteville, in Fayette County). He died at Comfort, Kendall County,
April 30, 1911. Biographical materials (with bibliography and portrait)
in Field
&
Laboratory,
IX (1941), 37-44.
Mitchell, Joseph Daniel (1848-1922).--Mitchell was an amateur stu-
dent of Texas moliusks, insects, and reptiles. He lived at Victoria where
his scientific activity began about 1876 or 1878. For some years (after
1905) he was a collaborator of the United States Bureau of Entomology.
He published on cotton-insects, and cactus-feeding insects, to name but
two fields. He collected extensively in all fields of natural history and
sent specimens to the United States Department of Agriculture or the
United States National Museum. Mitchell also published papers on Texas
mollusca, Texas reptiles, the weevils of Victoria County, and the ants of
Victoria County. He also left many unpublished notes on Texas natural
history, made over many years.
McCook, Rev. Henry Christopher (1837-1911).—In the summer of 1876,
McCook studied the agricultural ant of Texas, at Barton Springs near
Austin. His book based on this study is The
Natural
History
of
the
Agri
-
cultural
Ant
of
Texas,
which appeared in 1879. Numerous biographical
sources: see Dictionary
of
American
Biography.
Page, Dr. Frederick Benjamin (1798-1857).—1n 1845, under the pseu-
donym of "A. Suthron," Dr. Page published his Prairiedom;
Rambles
and
Scrambles
in
Texas
or
New
Estremadura.
This book was based on travels
made in 1839, with Dr. J. L. Riddell of New Orleans, through the settled
parts of Texas. Dr. Page gives a beautiful account of the agricultural
ant of Texas; it is therefore incorrect to say (as W. M. Wheeler has done)
that S. B. Buckley first noted the agricultural or harvester ant in the
New World. Dr. Page observed them at Colonel Luckett's plantation about
sixteen miles west of Nacogdoches. Dr. Page was born at Hallowell, Maine,
July 5, 1798, and died at Edwards, Mississippi, July 26, 1857. He took
the degrees of A.B. (1818) and A.M. (1821) at Bowdoin; he also attended
medical courses at Bowdoin and graduated M.D. at Harvard in 1821. He
practiced medicine successively at Portland, Maine, Ascension, Louisiana,
and Donaldsonville, Louisiana.
Riggs, Reverend Warner Bradley (1849-1905).—Riggs helped McCookqv
in his study of the Texas agricultural ant. At Brenham, he worked on the
shape, etc., of the nest and also observed fighting between different stocks
of the ant. He was minister of the Presbyterian Church at Brenham
(1876-85) and of the Second Presbyterian Church at Dallas (1888-1905).
Riggs was born in Wayne County, New York; took his A.B. degree at
Yale (1871); went to Texas (1876), and died in Austin in 1905.
Schwarz, Eugen Amandus (1844-1928).—1n 1878, he was sent to Texas
to make investigations on the cotton worm, and during the rest of his
life he intermittently did entomological field investigations in Texas for
the government. His most notable work with us was on the cotton boll
weevil (1894 and later). Schwarz was one of the most distinguished
workers in the United States Bureau of Entomology. A native of Liegnitz,
Silesia, he studied at Breslau and Leipzig and came to America in 1872.
Stelle, James Parish (?1828-93).--A noteworthy student of entomology,
Stelle came to Texas in 1880 to take charge of the cotton worm investi-
gation. He made his headquarters in the Colorado bottom (at ?Columbus)
and worked in diverse localities in Texas [American Entomologist,
III
(1880), p. 197]. In 1869-70, while he was a resident of Savannah, Ten-
nessee, Stelle wrote a number of papers published in Volume II of the
American
Entomologist.
He was for a time agricultural editor of the
Fort Worth (Texas) Gazette
(August, 1890, through March 31, 1892).
Stelle is reported to have been a native of Illinois; to have been educated
in medicine; later to have become a reporter on the Louisville (Kentucky)
Journal.
In 1864 he published a small book on the Wyandotte Cave of
Crawford County, Indiana. In 1868 and 1873 he published two editions
of The
American
Watchmaker
and
Jeweler.
In 1869 he became agricul-
tural editor of the Mobile (Alabama) Register.
This connection he gen-
erally retained until about 1888, although Cassino has him at Greenville,
Alabama, in 1886. Two papers by Stelle on Indian mounds in Tennessee
are published in the Smithsonian
Report
for
1870
(1871), 408-20. J. F.
Duggar has a biography of Stelle in L. H. Bailey's Cyclopaedia
of
Amer
-
ican
Agriculture,
IV (1909), 614.
Wadgymar, Dr. Arthur (1827-99).--Wadgymar was the patron and early
protector of Franz C. Schaup at Carrizo Springs in 1884. (During this
year, and for many years subsequently, Schaupp was collector of Odonata
for Hermann Hagen or J. G. Needham in Texas.) Dr. Wadgymar wrote
a brief report on the diseases of cattle and horses in Medina County
(1877) and on the agriculture of Medina County (1880) for the United
States Department of Agriculture and the United States Census Bureau,
respectively. Wadgymar was interested in the insects and plants of
southwestern Texas (De Witt, Bexar, and Medina counties). Cassino's
Directory
(1888) gives Wadgymar's interests as "botany, chemistry, en-
tomology, microscopy." Wadgymar was born at Czakaturen, Hungary,
May 26, 1827; he took his M.D. degree at Vienna (1847) ; he was Surgeon
in the Hungarian army (1848-49), Surgeon in the Dutch navy (1850-52),
and was Surgeon in the Crimean War (1854-56). In 1865, he was professor
of chemistry and botany in the St. Louis (Missouri) College of Pharmacy
and in 1866-67, professor of chemistry and botany in the Humboldt Medical
College of St. Louis. Before coming to Texas, he practiced medicine in
St. Louis and Cairo, Illinois. He published papers in medical journals, nota-
bly one on "Trichina spiralis, and its origin and development in muscle, and
the disease trichinosis" in St.
Louis
Medical
Reporter,
I (1866-67), 97-109.
Dr. Wadgymar came to Texas in the early 'seventies---probably in 1873
--and is believed to have lived first at Myerville, De Witt County, and
then at Cuero, Castroville, and San Antonio, before going to Carrizo
Springs. Dr. Wadgymar died in 1899.
Walker, Dr. Elijah Millington (1824-68).--Walker, at that time regis-
tered from Yorktown, Texas, took the M.D. degree from the University
of Louisiana in 1854. On June 9, 1854, he read a paper on the agricul-
tural ant of Texas before the New Orleans Academy of Science. Walker
came to Texas to practice and was elected a corresponding member of the
New Orleans Academy of Science. Dr. Walker was born in Middle Ten-
nessee on November 17, 1824. He moved with his parents to Marshall
County, Mississippi, attended school in Oxford, Mississippi, and also
studied medicine as an apprentice. He attended Jefferson Medical College
in Philadelphia (1849-50) and practiced medicine in Oxford without a
degree. In the fall of 1852, he went with his wife to Helena, Karnes
County, Texas. In 1853-4, he studied at the medical school of the Uni-
versity of Louisiana and obtained his degree. He moved from Helena
to Gonzales, gained a large practice, and remained there until after the
Civil War. He then moved twelve miles west of Gonzales and bought an
estate, "Ashwood," and kept up his practice there. He died in 1868 of
malaria. Besides his ant paper, printed in the early proceedings of the
New Orleans Academy of Science, Dr. Walker published several mer-
itorious agricultural papers in the Southern
Cultivator,
XXV and XXVI
(1867-68).
FOOTNOTES:
Texas," given December 4, 1945, at Dallas, at the annual banquet of the
Texas Entomological Society and the American Association of Economic
Entomologists, meeting jointly.
Dr. John Sibley and the Louisiana-Texas
Frontier, 1803-1814
Natchitoches Sept 4th 1813
Sir
Within three days past, several persons of undoubted Veracity
have arrived here from St. Antonio, & states that on this 18th
of Aug. Atto. Genl. Aradondo [Arredondo] commanding an
Army of Royalists of between two & three Thousand were
twenty four miles from St. Antonio, attacked by this Repub-
lican Army, commanded by Genl. Toledo of about 1400. Aradondo
was advantageously posted, the Republicans made a furious as-
sault drove in two flanks of Cavalry, killed many of them &
took two pieces of Cannon, Toledo then ordered a halt but the
Americans Consisting of between three & four hundred with
the fury of Mad-men rushed on, running over their officers, &
filed into an Ambuscade & were most of them destroyed the
remainder retreated in great disorder, leaving every thing be-
hind them,"184 Toledo & about a dozen officers have arrived at
Nacogdoches & about 50 Americans, about the Same number tis
Said have got as far as the River Trinity. Most of the Spaniards
who were with Toledo, have returned toward Nacogdoches
Aradondo's loss is reported to be 12 or 13 hundred. tis no
doubt great for he was not able to pursue any distance Genl.
Toledo tis understood intends to make a stand at Nacogdoches
where the fugitives are hourly arriving in great distress. About
300 families left St. Antonio & Labardie [La Bahía] for this
place, 200 Women left St. Antonio on foot the inhabitants of
Nacogdoches on the arrivals there of the News of this defeat
abandoned their homes, some have got in here the rest are on
the roads, & in a few days this town will be crowded with
hundreds of the most wretched of the human species, having
fled from their own country to Save their lives; they know that
Aradondo [Arredondo] at Altamira & Saltillo Butchered Men
Women & Children. While Toledo remains in forces at Nacog-
oches this frontier of this U. States will be safe, otherwise
we shall feel in danger. That there are British Emissaries
amongst the Royalists of Mexico, we have no doubts; hitherto
the Indians have inclined to the sides of the Republicans gen-
erally because they have been till now the conquerors: it is
observable that all the Indians on this side the Mississippi
since the U. States & Great Britain have been at War & the
Revolutionary Wars in Taixus [Texas], have discovered a dis-
position to be employed on one side as the other; to distinguish
themselves as Warriors. The hope of plunder &
presents they
expect from those whose interests they espouse are their mo-
tives, they consider it as unmanly & womanish in their times
to look on as spectators. The Caddos the most respectable &
steady Nation amongst them, have several times inquired if
their services would not be wanted in our Wars, & there are
reasons to think, strong as are their professions of Friendship
toward us, that Should we not take means to Secure them or
should reject their offered services & our Enemies could have
intercourse with them, they would take arms against us The
Moral objection that seems prevailent in the U. S. Against em-
ploying Savages in our Wars, admitting it incontravertable it
would seem should yield to this political necessity of employ-
ing them, or having them against us. I have received satisfac-
tory proof that Emissaries from the Creek Nations, have been
amongst the Alibamis and Conchattis on this side the Rivers
Missisippi, who are descendants from the Creek Nations en-
deavouring to excite them to Acts of Hostility against the
peoples of this State. They have been divided by the Revolu-
tion of Mexico in which Several parties of them have been
employed. What turn this late defeat may produce is doubtful
We do know that the Royalists feel as hostile toward us as
toward the Revolutionists, Aradondo is now the Conqueror, has
plenty of Arms, Ammunition, Horses, & Mules to engage the
Indians with & we have every reason to expect he will make
use of all the Means in his power to injure us, for my part it
appears totaly impracticable for Genl. Toledo to make a stand
at Nacog. as he announced, he has neither Arms, Amunition,
Men nor provisions & those Individuals in this Country who
feel inclined to aid him, have advanced already more than they
could spare, with a prospect of being remunerated. On the
events of his abandoning the province of Taxus [Texas] our
situation [manuscript blurred] of this defeat, with the loss on
each Side as Soon as it Can be Obtained with the Most impor-
tant Consequences Resulting from it.
with great Esteem
Your Obt. Hble Servant
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
Secretary of War
Natchitoches Oct. 3d 1813
The War party of the Creek Indians I am informed have Sent
a talk & Tobacco to all the Indians on this side the River Missis-
sippi. Some of them have smoked their Tobacco. I have Sent to
warn all to come here to hold a talk, the Chiefs of the Caddos,
Yattassees, Nandaco, Alibamis & Conchattas have Arrived.
185
More are Expected Today or Tomorrow. I shall have a talk with
them as soon as they Come in. The Great Caddo Chief is firm
& to much Respected by all the others that I have not much
apprehension of difficulty with them. The object of the talk
they have received is to Excite them to Acts of Hostility on
this side the Mississippi. --
The day before Yesterday A Man Arrived here from St.
Antonio who says that the Republican Army beyond River
Grand had fought several Battles with the Royalists in that
quarter in all which they have been Successful. Genl. Coss
was pursuing Aradondo [Arredondo] to St. Antonio. Genl. Vil-
legrand was going Towards Chihuahua. Col. Helisondo [Eli-
zondo] was at the River Trinity Coming Towards this place, &
Suddenly turned Back. The Republicans who had Retreated
into this State are Returning Again into the Province of Taxas
[Texas] about two Thousand Spaniards have Come Over on
this side the Sabine Including men, women & children & Sev-
eral Tribes of Indians. Col. Helisondo took 50 Americans who
were retreating from St. Antonio after the defeat of Toledo,
he treated them well gave them Passports & Provisions to Come
home. But he shot at Trinity about one hundred Spaniards
who he Overtook Leaving the Country, all the Suspicious Re-
publican Characters At St Antonio were Seized & Ordered to
be shot by Aradondo after he Received Intelligence of the suc-
cess of Genls. Coss & Villegrand. Many Circumstances Corrob-
orate this report all the Spaniards here who know this man from
St. Antonio Substantially believe what he says. A few days
will bring us more on the Subject. I shall well inform you rela-
tive to Indian affairs as well as what I Can Ascertain relative
to the Spanish affairs in Our Neighbourhood.
Am
with Great Esteem
Your Obt. Servant
John Sibley
Genl John Armstrong
Secretary of War
Natchitoches Oct. 6th 1813
Yesterday at 12 Oclock I met 92 Caddos Chiefs & head men:
24 Alibamis, 10 Conchattas, the Yattasse & Appelache Chiefs &
many Spectators Under an Arbour prepared for the purpose
&
delivered to them a talk of which the following is the Sub-
stance.
Brothers, on every Side of Us we hear of Wars, white Men
Against white men, Red Men Against Red Men & both Against
the Other. In Such times it were Strange if many lies & mis-
representations did not Exist. It is good that we meet together,
talk of these things, Understand the truth & know Each Others
Views & for this purpose we have this friendly Meeting. I gave
them An Account of the Cause & progress of the Spanish Rev-
olution in Our Neighborhood, & repeated my advise to have
nothing to do with it. That Our Government & Spain were not
at War etc. Then the Cause progress & present State of Our
War with the English, the Events in upper Canada, the Indians
being Seduced by the English to join them Against Us, the
mischief they had done on some of our defenseless frontier Set-
tlements & Out Posts, Our Armies going into the Indian Coun-
try Burning their Towns, Corn etc. Our Armies now Entering
upper Canada the Country of the English, taking their Towns
&
Strong Places & that those Indians who had joined the English
Against Us began now to See & would See their folly. The
situation of the Creek Nation divided Against Itself Carrying
on the most destructive war, one party Against an Other &
this likewise from their listening to the Bad talk of Our Enemies,
than an Account of the attack of Mississ [Mississippi] station.
Bad talks given these Indians at Pensacola [stated that] the
Great Armies from Georgia, Tenisse [Tennessee] & the Country
about Natchez going Against the Creeks & that they must be
destroyed. But not from the fault of Our Government who
wished to be at peace with the Creeks, But they opened their
Ears to the Bad Talks of Our enemies, etc., etc.,
And Concluded by Assuring them that their Great Father the
President of the United States Continued his friendly disposi-
tion Towards his Red Children, that he wished them all clean
Paths, good Crops of Corn, good hunting & happiness. I should
Report to him Our talk at this Council.
The Alibami Chief Unalabahola
Said he was but a Young
Chief & had But little to Say; But should look up to his Older
Brother the Caddo Chief & should always be advised by him,
but Said If we were Invaded by Our Enemies he should be
always Ready to Aid us against them & would Come with all
his Warriors & fight with us as long as one remained.
Dehahuit
the Great Caddo Chief in a Speech of some length
Said it was true in Such times many false reports were Spread,
they were never Sure of the truth of what they heard, that
they, Red people not having the Arts of Writing & Printing
were more liable to be Imposed on than white people, that
whenever he Visited this place the news he heard was Partic-
ularly so, that he had learned to be Very Cautious not to be
led away by Idle Reports, [that] he was not a Child to Open
his Ears to all he heard, that although his skin was Red he
trusted he had some of the Sentiments & discretions of white
people, that from the time he first Took his great Father the
President of the United States by the hand, through his Brother
the Agent he never had entertained but one Sentiment:--It was
well known that his nation had never Injured Any white people
nor Red, but in their Own defense; it was always his Instruc-
tions to his people, & himself set them the Example to be kind
to white men. If they met them in the Woods, or in the Praries
to divide what they had with them, to be their Pilots & guides.
If they were unable to help themselves to bring them home and
feed them.
He Remembered well the talk he received last Summer from
his Brother the Agent which he Communicated to all the Tribes
to the West & that he had great pleasure in Witnessing, that
it was well Received by all of them & not one of them would
throw it away, and that As he had Assured me before, he would
now repeat it in behalf of all the Tribes to the West Under his
Influence as well as his Own Nation, that If the United States
were Invaded by an Enemy, they would all Come & fight for
us as long as one Warrior Remained, for myself, said he, I
shall want no other notice than for you to Call upon me & Say
along, & Concluded by Saying a long talk is not necessary truth
& sincerity Can be expressed in few words. Much talking does
not become Warriors, leave that to women &
men like women.
The next morning the Caddo Chief was with me alone at my
office. I observed to him what a number of different Tribes of
Indians we had on this Side of the Mississippi. That it was very
desirable they should all Understand & Know One Another, that
they all looked up to him as their Older Brother & had great
Respect for him, & Know of his Visiting all the Western Tribes
last Summer & that those to the Southard would be much
pleased to receive a Similar Visit from him, & that I wished he
would return here Again in the Course of fifteen or Twenty
days & with my Interpreter & two or three Other Persons be
fitted Out & Visit all those tribes to the Southard, that he did
not Visit last Summer --The Chief sat some time & made
no reply. I waited to hear his Answer, at length observed to
him that he had made no Answer .—He then Said I never re-
fused you Any thing you desired of me & Am not going to do it
now. I thought it was Enough for you to tell me you wished
me to go. I however now tell you I will go.
Am Your Obe. Hble Servant
Geni. John Armstrong
John Sibley Indn. Agent
Secretary of War
Natchitoches Jany 26th 1814
There are considerable preparations making at Nashville
Natchez at this & Several other places, to enter the Spanish
Province of Taxus [Texas] the ensuing Spring, with An Army
Composed principally of Voluntiers & Citizens of the United
States, to Aid the Revolution of Mexico.
186 The Indians in my
Agency Assure me (a few Vagabons excepted) that they will
be entirely governed by my advice; they do not intend to dis-
please the government of the U. S.
187 I shall be very glad to
be Instructed whether I shall restrain them or Suffer them to
join the Revolutionists. I believe it is in my power to do either
to the Amount of about One thousand Warriors, there are
strong Inducements to have them diverted.
They hear of Wars & Battles & long to follow some Warlike
Chiefs into the field. They are not much disposed to give them-
selves the trouble of assertaining the right or wrong Side of the
Parties.
There has been no Communication between this place & St.
Antonio for Several Months past.
I Am
Sir with great respect
Your Obt Servant
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
Secretary of War
Natchitoches 20th April 1814
On the 12th Inst. I had the honour to Receive your letter of
Instructions relative to the Indians dated 15th. Ultimo I shall
Accordingly disuade them from having Any thing to do in
the Enterprise Now going on Against the Province of Taxus
[Texas).
Two days Ago I Recd, from Gov. Claiborne & the Marshal of
the district of Louissiana Warrants Issued by Judge Hall for
the Arrest of Genl. Toledo Doctor Robinson etc.
188 I received
at the Same time a Blank appointment for a deputy Marshal
& Immediately procured a Suitable person to accept the deputa-
tion, who has the Warrants, but Neither Toledo nor Robinson
Are here, the former was lately in Natchez & tis reported
Ascended the Missippi from that place to meet 5 or 6 hundred
Men who were descending the River, & bound to the Spanish
Country & Intended to pass them over by Land to the North
of this place. Dr. Robinson has been about a Month on the
West Side the Sabine in the Province of Taxus, & is Collecting
a Considerable force which is daily Augmenting; being Out of
the jurisdiction of the Marshal. Col. Smith from St. Louis &
Major Bird Lieut, of the U. S. Army are with Doctor Robinson.
This Town is full of Strangers & the whole Country appears
in [a] Buz Moving to the Westward. The Enterprise is very
popular and it appears to me at this late Stage of the Business,
it will be very difficult to Stop it.
I am
Sir Most respectfully
Your Obt Servant
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
Natchitoches July 20th 1814
I have just Received information to be Relied on from the
Sabine, that Genl. Toledo is Encamped on the West Side of the
Sabine, with a party of Americans & Spaniards, lately sent out
a Command Who Agreable to his Orders fell upon a hunting
party of Choctaws & Chickesaws in Amity with the United
States. Killed, or Brutally Assassinated, one Acct. states four-
teen, Another Eighteen, of the unoffending Indians, Wounded
a Number, &
took from them about fifty Horses & Mules, about
Twenty Guns &
Rifles & Considerable other property which
with Some Women & Children they brought in Triumph into
Toledo's Camp, who received them with the honours of Con-
querors & gave them a Salute. The Indian Tribes so far as I
Learn are in great Agitation about it. As Some Citizens of the
U. S. are implicated in this Murder. Fears are Entertained
Amongst the frontier Settlements in this State. I shall do my
endeavour to not suffer their Resentment to fall on the Innocent;
had this Murder been Committed Within the U. States the Law
points out what should be done. Toledo's whole force is not
believed to Exceed Sixty or Eighty Men between Twenty & thirty
of whom are Americans of exceptionable Character, Generally
the Rest Spaniards of the Lowest class.
I Am
Sir your Obt Servant
John Sibley
Honble Genl. Armstrong
Natchitoches August 1st 1814
Sir
By this I have the honor to Inform you that I have this day
drawn on you in favour of Benjamin Bullet for the Sum of
Three hundred & Twenty two dollars being for my pay & Sub-
sistence three Months as Indian Agent.
I am
Sir Most Respectfully
Your Obt Servant
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
Secretary of War
Natchitoches Augt 10th 1814
Yesterday Arrived here five Women & four Children the re-
mains of a party of Choctaw Indians who for Some Years past
have been Accustomed to hunt in the Province of Taxus [Texas]
with the permission of the Spanish Government. & Report that
about 40 days ago they were on the West Side of the Trinity
River, their party Consisted of Twenty Men & 42 Women &
Children a party of Spaniards Arrived at their Camp who Said
they were Sent by Genl. Toledo, with a friendly talk & Some
presents, they Stayed all Night with them Eat & Slept together,
in the Morning the Spaniards withdrew a Small distance &
Called all the Indian Men to them, had them Seated to receive
their Presents which they Said they had for them, when the
Word was Given, the Spaniards fired upon them &
Killed Every
Indian, the Women & Children dispersed in different directions
And all Perished but those five Women & four Children, the
Spaniards Striped the dead Bodies & took 39 Horses, 20 Rifles,
all their camp Equipage &
brought it to Toledo on the Sabine
who Received the Whole & Ordered a feu de joy [bonfire] fired
on the Occasion, & Wrote Congratulatory letters to his friends
in Natchitoches & Elsewhere, on the Success of his Command
& the Acquisition of so Considerable a quantity of property;
but which was much less than he Expected. And what to me
is most Astonishing is that there are persons here & Some of
Whom are Public Officers that Justify this Most Abominable
& unprovoked Murder & Robbery. These Indians were in Amity
with
the United States. The Surviving Choctaws in this quar-
ter & Some other Tribes talked of Revenge & were Consulting
about it, but a Short time after, the Camp of Toledo Broke up,
& dispersed, & have abandoned their Enterprise of Revolution-
zing the Spanish provinces: The impossibility of Collecting a
Sufficient force to go on with, & the Necessary Supplies, fear
of the Indians & disunion Amongst themselves, are the Causes
of their breaking up.
Doctor Robinson &
Toledo quarrelled Some time ago. the
Doctor withdrew & formed a Separate Camp higher up Where
he had Collected 40 or 50 Americans & Some Spaniards with
the Same Intentions Against the dominions of Spam. I Expect
he will Soon Break up likewise. The Stand I have taken Against
this unlawfull Enterprise, by preventing Any Indians from Join-
ing them & discouraging others, has brought on me the Invet-
erate enmity of the Party & their friends & Adherents, who I
understand threaten to Injure me; but no Considerations Shall
Induce me to neglect my duty.—-
This part of Louissiana is lately much Agitated about tne
report of an English & Spanish Invasion, & I am informed that
it is a Subject of high Consideration Amongst the French &
Spanish part of the Inhabitants how it will be most prudent
for them to Act in Case of Such An Invasion, they will Cer-
tainly be on the Strongest Side. Our Government Should not
Calculate on the attachment of these people. I shall Endeavour
to Keep the Indians right in Spite of the Intregues of the
Enemies of Our Government who I have to oppose.
Sir, Most Respecttuliy
Your Obt Servant
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
NB Genl Toledo was himselfe & half a dozen Persons with him
at his Camp on the Sabine a few days Ago preparing to
go away Somewhere, but where I know not.
Natchitoches August 10 1814
Sir
Since the Murder of the hunting party of Choctaw Indians on
the Trinity River of 52 Persons by a Command from the Camp
of Genl. Toledo & by his Order the Genl. being menaced by the
Indians to revenge the Murder, disunion in his Camp, a failure
of a Supply of Provisions, Amunition & Recruits, he has aban-
doned his enterprise and they are all dispersed, the General is
Secreted Somewhere Some Say in this town, his friends Say he
is Coming to Washington Calculating on a War between the
United States & Spain & intends to be employed. Doctor
Robinson who formed a Seperate Camp higher up the Sabine,
reported to Consist of about one hundred men will follow Toledos
Example. Indeed Several of his Men have Arrived here within
a day or two past & report the dissolution of it.
There are Now in this Part of Louissiana Near two thousand
fugitives from Taxus [Texas] who have lately received infor-
mation by Express from St. Antonio that by a Proclamation of
the King of Spain they are all Pardoned &
Invited to Return
to their Country.
189 They will all, or Nearly all, Except the
Pardon. Accounts State that Generals Rayon & Mozalles
[Morelos] two Principal Chiefs of the Revolutionary Party in
the Kingdom of Mexico have become Reconciled to the New
Government
190 & are Now Engaged in Restoring Order & that
the Revolution is at an end.
191 letters have been just Received
here from Bayou Pierre in this State, Stating that Six Armed
Spaniards had just arrived there from St. Antonio, bringing
Several letters to Inhabitants of that place, Informing them
that a Spanish Force would Soon be there (at Bayou Pierre)
to Reoccupy that district & that Monsr. De Soto the late Spanish
Commedant had Said the Spaniards would be there in fifteen
days, this Acct. is Corroborated by two Spaniards who Arrived
here Some time last Night Expresses from St. Antonio with the
Pardon to the Spanish Fugitives, in fourteen days, who Say
that 2500 Men were preparing to Leave St. Antonio for this
frontier when they Came Away, (this is what I am informed
they say) Measures are taken to assertain the truth of these
Accounts which will be known in a few days, letters from New
Orleans mention it being Reported there, that two full Regi-
ments of Spanish Troops are Coming on this frontier.
There has been lately much talk & Confusion in Every part
of Louissiana from the Report of an English & Spanish Invasion
of this State, which has had the Effect to produce a general
Consultation Amongst the Old Louissianians relative to the Part
they ought to Act in Such an event, & they certainly will Almost
universally Refuse to take Arms Against the Invaders whether
English or Spanish &
are greatly pleased with the hope of re-
turning Again Under the Government of Spam, & I under-
stand have taken Means to have their Sentiments Communi-
cated to the Spanish Government.
The Indians all appear friendly to the U. S., but I know that
some pains is taking to Excite improper impressions Amongst
them. I have just had a Visit from Chiefs of the Tawakenos,
Nabedaches, Keychies &
Inies
192 who all live in the Province of
Taxus [Texas.] they offer to Come & fight for us If we want
them, & Each Chief gave me the Number of Warriors they
could bring. The Tawakeno 130. The Nabedaches 100. The
Keychies 56. & the Inie 54. Should we be Invaded they will be
Against us unless, we employ a few of each Tribe. The Caddo
Chief has an entire Influence over them.
I Am
Sir
with great Respect
Your Obt. Servant
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
Natchitoches Augt. 23d 1814
Sir
By the last Mail I informed you of our Receiving Accounts
from Bayou Pierre that a Spanish force was Soon Expected there
to Reoccupy that district. Pains have been taken to Assertain
the grounds of this Report, but not with Satisfactory Success.
Father Minos a fugitive Spanish Priest who resides here in-
formed me Yesterday that he had just Received a Number of
letters from his friends towards Mexico Some of whom were
officers in the Royal Army, Informing him of the General Pardon
of all those who had been Concerned in the Revolution, And all
was or Soon would be restored to Order, also of the Arrival of a
Considerable Number of Troops from Spain at Vera Crutz &
Tampico, and that about Six Thousand Troops were Collecting
on River Grand & St. Antonio. That General Cordero was
amongst the Hietan Indians with fifteen, hundred Men, And
that a Considerable Number of Troops Might Soon be Ex-
pected at Nacogdoches & Sabine.
193
Should a Spanish Army Arrive Near the frontiers of this
State, whether hostile or not, they would be Supplied by the
People of Louissiana with every thing they might want; a great
proportion of whom desire to return again Under the Spanish
Government, & have already decided how to Act in Case of
our being Invaded by Either Spain or England.
I have taken Arrangements with Some friendly Indians to
give Early Intelligence of Any movements of Troops from the
West towards this frontier.
Your Most Hble. Servt.
John Sibley
Genl. John Armstrong
Natchitoches 6th Oct. 1814
I have this day drawn on you for the Sum of two hundred &
thirty dollars in favor of Gaspard Philebere Indian Interpreter
at this Place, for Six Months Salary preceding the first Instant
to which I have added Fifty dollars as a Compensation to Mr.
Philebere for Boarding the Caddo Chief & his wife when they
have Come to Natchitoches on Business previous to this date
which I think very Reasonable.
I Am
with great Esteem
Your Obt Hble Servant
John Sibley Indn Agent
The Honble Secretary of War
Washington
Natchitoches Jany 10th 1815
I herewith Enclose An Account of Expenditures in my Indian
Agency in the year 1814 with Vouchers for the Same Excepting
the Gunsmith's Acct. for Nine Months, the goods I have taken
from the Factory for Presents to Indians & my Interpreters
Salary which I have drawn on you for Separately, for this
Account of $339.25 I have drawn on you in favour of Mr John
Corter who has Advanced me money to pay it.
Our Malitia are all Called to defend New Orleans, we are all
in Bustle & Confusion in getting them off. about 400 will
Embark from here in Boats tomorrow Morning & probably be
down in Six days. I am Collecting the Indians in this Vicinity
& forming them in a Camp by the Side of a Lake about a Mile
distant, about 150 are in Camp & had they not have been dis-
persed in small hunting parties over an Extensive tract of
Country before the receipt of Genl. Jacksons Order they would
all have now been Collected. I have Sent runners in every direc-
tion, they are Coming in daily & I Expect in ten or fifteen
days to have Nearly all that are Called for Collected. I think
the Measures already taken has Secured them on Our Side.
The Gunsmith's are all employed putting their Arms in Order,
when they will be Ready for Active Service, it was found
Necessary to Attach two white officers to Each Company. The
fugitive Spaniards who live here are Nearly all Volunteering
their Services in the defence of this State.
I am
Most Respectfully Your Obt. Servant
John Sibley. Indn. Agent
Honble. James Munroe
Secretary of War
James Madison, President
of the U. S. of America.
194
The undersigned members of the Legislature of the State of
Louisiana, being informed that an immense majority of the most
respectable inhabitants of the Parish of Natchitoches, have
thought it necessary, as well for their own tranquillity and
safety as for the true interest of the United States, to request
of Your Excellency the removal from office of the present Indian
Agent, Dr. John Sibley, take the liberty of recommending to
your Excellency's Consideration the petition of the said in-
habitants.
The undersigned are sufficiently acquainted with the Char-
acter of the persons whose names appear on the said petition
to Warrant Your Excellency that nothing but motives of Gen-
eral Good could have determined them to take such steps: The
undersigned do therefore hope & flatter themselves that after
having maturely reflected on the subject, your Excellency will
not hesitate in granting the prayer of the aforesaid petition.
it is useless to remark here how important it is for the interest
of the United States to preserve peace with the numerous
Tribes of Indians which surround that part of our frontiers;
& the danger's which might result if--in consequence of their
present dissatisfaction those Tribes should be persuaded to en-
list under the banners of their neighbours The Spanish Roy-
alists, are too apparent to require that they should be pointed
out. by removing from office the present Indian Agent in that
quarter,
195 & appointing in his place Mr. Michel-Ange Garvin,
a Citizen of the U. S. whose Character & Talents are well Known
to the Honorable James Monroe, Your Excellency would in the
opinion of the undersigned, Secure peace & save the country
from the dangers above mentioned.
Permit us, Sir, most Cordially to Subscribe ourselves, of your
Excellency.
The most respectful &
Humble Servants
196
Natchitoches Sept 8th 1815
Mr. Gales the Indian Agent at this place has informed me
that he was Informed by a Letter from the War Office that a Bill
which I drew on that Office 31st of Deer. 1814 for about $330 in
favor of John Corter Could not be paid as him & myself could
not receive pay for the Same time.
The Object of this letter is to explain that, that Bill was
drawn for Contingent expences for the year ending at that date,
&
all the Vouchers accompanied the draft.
Mr. Gales did not Arrive here Untill the 25th of January 1815
to which time I Continued to Act as Indian Agent & had no
Notice of my being Superceded Untill he Arrived. The Amts of
this Bill I have Actually Advanced &
? the Vouchers,
& Expended the Money I Received of Mr Corter in fitting out
the Malitia of this town for N. Orleans.
There is Still due me my Salary for the Month of January
& about $100 Expended in Collecting- & Encamping the Indians.
I Intend to come to Washington to Settle my Accounts as Soon
as my health will permit & I Can get Away. In the Mean time
I beg you will have the goodness to Reexamine the Circum-
stances of this draft when I Am Sure all difficulties will dis-
appear as to the Correctness of it.
Sir with great Esteem
Your Obt. Hble Servt.
John Sibley
The Honble Secretary of War
Natchitoches July 23d 1816
On the 31st of Decr. 1814 I gave to Mr. John Corter of this
Town a draft on the then Secretary of War
197 for the sum of
three hundred thirty Nine dollars & 25 Cents, being the Amt. of
Certain expenditures in the year 1814. In this Indian Agency
of which I was then Agent & Accompanying the draft I for-
warded a letter of Advice & Vouchers for the Same.
198
I Am just Informed by Mr. Corter that my draft has not been
paid because I had not forwarded the Vouchers & letters of
Advice & requests me to forward them.
That Some Mistake Exists is Certain, I have duplicates of
those Vouchers I forwarded & a Coppy of my letter of Advice.
And If those did not Arrive at the War office I will Send those
I have If Required &
Retain coppies Untill I come to Wash-
ington, which I have been Only prevented from doing by re-
peated Attacks of Sickness.
Everything on my part relative to this draft I believe has
been Correct &
Such were always before paid at the War Office.
Should it not be paid it will give me Considerable Vexation.
You will greatly oblige me If you will Inform me respecting it.
I Am with Great Respect
Your Obt. Hble. Servt.
John Sibley
The Hon. Secretary of War.
United States
To John Sibley Indian Agent ( )
To Amt. of Expenditures for Indian department in my Agency
in the Year 1814 (Viz)
FOOTNOTES:
Joaquín de Arredondo, "Report of the Battle of the Medina August 18,!
18l3," translated by Mattie Austin Hatcher, The Quarterly of the Texas
State Historical Association , XI, 220-236.
Sabine rivers; Yattasses [Spanish spelling, Yatesi]—-near the Caddo be-
tween Red and Sabine rivers; Nandaco [Spanish: Nadacos]--near the
headwaters of the Angelina River, tributary of the Neches River; Alibamis
[Spanish: Alivamo]--west of the Neches River; Conchattas [Conchatesj—
in the Neutral Ground and between the Sabine and the Trinity rivers.
Robinson. Sibley to the Secretary of War, July 20, August 10 and 18,
1814, MS., O.R.W.D.
press her disapproval of revolutionary activities on the part of American
citizens in the interest of Mexican independence. "Mexican Affairs,"
National Intelligencer, Washington, D. C, November 6, 1813.
were instructed in February, 1814, to issue proclamations prohibiting expe-
ditions against Spanish dominions. Claiborne did so in April, issuing these
orders of arrest. Circulars to the Governors of Louisiana and the Missis-
sippi Territory, February 14, 1814; Monroe to Claiborne, February 17,
1814, The Writings of Monroe, May, 1807-February, 1814, IV, MSS.,
Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
restore Texas as a buffer province of New Spain. He realized the need
of inhabitants and as early as October, 1813, issued a general amnesty in
the name of King Ferdinand VII to fugitives in Louisiana. Hatcher, The
Opening of Texas, appendix, doc., 25.
to the throne of Spain, under promise to rule by constitutional means.
Word had not yet reached the frontier of the king's decree of May 4, 1814,
which reestablished absolutism, abolished the Constitution of 1812 and the
Cortes which as a national congress contained colonial representatives.
Ibid., appendix, doc, 28.
tion, had renewed the amnesties issued in 1812 and had even pardoned the
leaders, provided they would leave the country. Many revolutionists ac-
cepted the offer, but those faithful to the revolution kept up guerrilla
warfare. Ibid., 246.
The statement that Rayón and Morelos had abandoned the revolution
and accepted amnesty was false. See Bancroft, History of Mexico IV
569-593.
Keichies, Tneis or Yachies. Hackett, Pichardo's Treatise, II, 160.
rumors to further agitate conditions on the frontier in favor of the fili-
busters who were planning invasion. Arredondo's account of conditions in
Texas were to the contrary. He stated that in the spring of 1814, Texas
suffered a food shortage, by mid-summer there were no funds to maintain
the cost of the government, the troops were without pay, the troops at
Nacogdoches were without equipment, the inhabitants, starving and with-
out means of sustenance, were requesting passports to leave Texas, and
the soldiers were not strong enough to oppose the Comanches, who were
raiding ranches, killing farmers in the field, and even raiding Béxar.
Arredondo to Armínan, Monterrey, June 29, 30, July 28, 1814. Arminan,
Béxar, February 3, May 22, 1814; Arminan to Arredondo, Béxar, March
22, April 5, April 16, July 16, August 1, 1814; Anonymous letters, Béxar,
April 15, 16, 1814. MSS., B. A.
appears that this petition was written in the fall of 1814, because Sibley
states that Mr. Gales arrived January 25, 1815, up to which time he con-
tinued to act as Indian Agent, and that he had had no notice that he had
been superseded by another. This document was found in the Files of 1814
had taken against the "unlawful enterprise" of Robinson and Toledo by
preventing any Indians from joining them, had created a party of enemies
who threatened to injure him. Perhaps there is some connection between
Sibley's statement and this petition.
cipherable with any degree of certainty: C. (?) Louailler, Auré (?), Tho.
Urquhart, P. Bossion, L. Carcher (?), Leo (?) Carre, Ete. Lause (?), Hier
Hiliare (?) Croeot (?), J. Coyorage (?), Mahureau (?), L.Vauz (?), Vo (?)
Bernard, Dornenon (?), Aubry Dupay.
letters of that year.
have no such papers as those described in this, within letter. P. H.
Aug. 21, 1816."
Texas Collection
TEXAS HISTORY took a forward step with the creation, by
the Board of Regents of the University, of the Eugene C.
Barker Texas History Center. President L. W. Kemp of the
Association has written to the regents the following letter of
congratulation:
I heartily congratulate you and the other regents of the University of
Texas for setting aside the stately old Library Building as a depository
for the famous collection of Texana owned by the University and for
giving the building the name of the greatest Texas historian of all times:
Eugene C. Barker.
The following announcement, prepared by the University
News Service, was carried by hundreds of state papers:
The plan to create a repository of Texana in the old library building
of the University of Texas, to be known as the Eugene C. Barker Texas
History Center, is a fitting tribute to a man who has devoted a lifetime
to the study, the teaching, and the writing of the history of his native
state.
Dr. Eugene Campbell Barker, teacher of history at Texas University
for forty-six years, is without doubt the state's pre-eminent historian.
So distinguished is Dr. Barker's reputation in his beloved field, so pains-
taking has been his study and research over the years, and so widely
admired and respected is he among all manner of men that his own life
and works form an important chapter of contemporary Texas history.
Desiring further to honor this Texan who for more than four decades
has diligently pursued the chronicle of things past, the University Board
of Regents at its November meeting unanimously approved the estab-
lishment of the Eugene C. Barker Texas History Center. Under the plan,
the old library building on the campus, now occupied by a miscellany of
offices, departments, classrooms, and storerooms, will be made the per-
manent home of all writings pertaining to Texas history.
There will be housed the University's magnificent Texas collection of
books, many of them rare and invaluable, dealing with the history of the
Lone Star state; the center will also be the repository for the Texas
archives--papers, letters, documents and pictures from the early days—
and the University's collection of Texas newspapers, both of an early
day and of the present.
From the standpoint of convenience to students, writers, and others
interested in Texas history, the center will be most valuable. At present
those delving into Texana must go to the first floor of the main library
to examine the archives, drop to the basement if they are interested in
the newspapers, and ascend to the fourth floor to reach the book collection
When the Texas History Center is established it will become the focal
point, the gathering place, for all whose interests are inclined toward
things historical--in fact, for all Texans interested in their state.
While plans for the creation of the history center are formulating, the
man whose name it will bear goes his quiet way along the paths he has
followed for a lifetime. Dr. Barker, who on November 10, observed his
seventy-first birthday, still devotes his days to the reading, the writing,
and the teaching of Texas history. At present he is engaged in the
"extra-curricular" duty of writing a series of historical sketches for
Texas weekly newspapers in commemoration of the centennial of Texas'
annexation to the Union.
Of his many writings, Dr. Barker's outstanding work is his Life
of
Stephen
F.
Austin,
often called the finest biography in Texas literature.
He spent a quarter-century in the study and research that resulted in
this distinguished work.
Of almost equal eminence in the field of Texas history is his eight-
volume compendium of the writings of Sam Houston, in which he col-
laborated with Dr. Amelia W. Williams, under the sponsorship of the
University Bureau of Research in the Social Sciences. The two historians
devoted eight years to this compilation, the last volume of which was
published in 1943,
For twenty-seven years Dr. Barker served as editor-in-chief of the
Southwestern
Historical
Quarterly.
Born in Riverside, Texas, November 10, 1874, the son of Joe and Fannie
Holland Barker, Dr. Barker entered the University of Texas in 1895. He
received his Master's degree in 1905 and his Ph.D. degree at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania in 1908. In that year he began his active teaching
career as professor of American history at Texas University, although
he had been associated with the history department since 1899.
In 1942, a portrait of Dr. Barker, painted by Robert Joy of Houston,
was presented to the University by the Texas State Historical Association.
In the presentation address on that occasion, J. Evetts Haley of Spear-
man, Texas, former associate of Dr. Barker at the University, had this
to say about the subject of the portrait:
Had he been born in a buffalo-hide wigwam on the Great
Plains, instead of in the wooded recesses of East Texas, we know
that old Sitting Bull would have moved over to give him room.
Had he sat with Tallyrand at the remaking of Europe, that great
man would have revised his dictum that "language is an instru-
ment to conceal thought." Had not his self-effacing nature kept
him off the public stage, where brash mediocrity never fears to
tread, I might still have been raising a dust storm on the aca-
demic air. In a word, had not his good sense and high purpose
held him to the task that, in our formative years, he was pre-
eminently qualified to do, then the great.and noble tradition that
brings us together might never have been.
Many of the state papers also carried editorial comments
giving unstinted approval. Editor Ed Kilman's remarks in the
Houston Post
of January 9 are fairly typical.
The board of regents of the University of Texas took a constructive
step when it set aside the old university library building as a repository
for Texana.
There the university's magnificent Texas collection of books and writ-
ings, many of them rare and priceless, will have a spacious permanent
home. There future generations of historical students will find the richest
trove of Texas lore all in one library devoted exclusively to Texana.
In creating this repository the regents did the peculiarly appropriate
thing of designating it as the Eugene C. Barker center. This in recog-
nition of the man generally acknowledged to be the State's foremost his-
torian. A native Texan, Doctor Barker has taught history at the univer-
sity for forty-six years, and has been researching and writing books and
articles on Texas historical subjects all that time. The library named for
him will be a lasting monument to his great work.
December 29, 1945, was celebrated in Austin with appropri-
ate ceremonies as the centenary of Texas' being accepted as the
twenty-eighth state in the Federal Union. Governor Coke R.
Stevenson made a historical address in the House of Repre-
sentatives in the Capitol. In part the Governor said:
The Texas State Historical Association, the Junior Historians, the
Sons and Daughters of the Republic, the Sons and Daughters of the
American Revolution and all other kindred bodies of men and women
throughout the State are to be congratulated because of their inspiring
services, not only in the interest of the Texas centennial, but also because
of their labor of love all through the years on behalf of a better informed
citizenship. Upon them has been placed a heavy burden which every
citizen should be proud to help carry. That burden is to preserve the best
and noblest in our State and National existence and to point out the
defects and dark spots in our history so that our youth may be the
beneficiaries and thereby become a greater asset to and friend of good
government now and hereafter. Allied with these noble organizations
should be our educational institutions, museums, libraries, religious bodies,
and the press, whose prime duty it is to build a better citizenship. Knowl-
edge of history--the history of Texas and the United States of America--
cannot fail to have one good result: it will instill in all hearts a greater
love for our country. We cannot neglect to mention here the mighty
influence for good in the teaching of our country's history to the youth
of the land in the debates, declamations, and other activities of the
Interscholastic League of Texas schools. Parent-teacher organizations also
have wrought well in this connection, as have all veteran groups. Texans
are a grateful people and proud of their heroic history.
The entire membership of the Association will join in ap-
plauding the governor's remarks regarding history and in ap-
preciation of his appraisal of the work of the Association for
the preservation of the history of Texas.
Much of the program had to do with the issuance of the Cen-
tennial of Statehood Commemorative Stamp. Joseph J. Lawler,
Third Assistant Postmaster General, was present. Austin was
selected, as the site for the first day sale of stamps and for the
mailing of first day covers. Postmaster Ray E. Lee and his
efficient staff gave excellent service to all philatelists and col-
lectors.
The occasion of the issuance of the Texas stamp brought
forth the following contribution from Forrest L. Ellis in the
January, 1946, Masonic
Philatelist,
edited by Harry M. Kon-
wiser, a long-time member of the Association.
From the Freemasons'
Monthly
Magazine
by W. Moore, Grand Secy, of
the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, Boston, Vol. III, No. 10, page 309,
August 1, 1844: The Nativity of St. John the Baptist was celebrated in
Portland, Maine by a Procession through the Streets, to the Rev. Dr.
Nichols' Church. After hearing the reading of the Scriptures, a most
elaborate, eloquent and highly instructive Oration, and Hymns, the Breth-
ren repaired to a Hall in the Exchange, where 300 sat down to a sump-
tuous dinner. Among the visitors was R. W. Brother Teulon, a member
of the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas.
The Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, proposed the
following sentiment:
"Our Masonic Brethren of Texas--no political or legislative act of
Annexation is necessary to bind us together as Brethren."
R. W. Brother Teulon in his reply, remarked:
"despotism and Masonry never can long agree, nor both prosper in the
same land. ... To most of you the actual condition of Freemasonry in
Texas is unknown--yet there is a Grand Lodge of Texas with thirteen
lodges under its jurisdiction. It is computed that there are over 500
Masons in Texas, certainly a large number; when we consider that the
total population of the Republic does not exceed 100,000. Texas is em-
phatically a Masonic Country; all of our Presidents and Vice-Presidents,
and four-fifths of our State Officers were and are Masons; by Freemasonry
to illustrate the moral virtues—it is a Five Pointed Star. ... May it ever
bind us in the holy Bond of Fraternal Union and govern our social, Ma-
sonic, and Political intercourse."
The Five-Pointed Star of Cuba
During 1936 the United States commemorated the centennial of Texas
independence and featured a five-pointed star as part of the design; and
during that same time the Republic of Cuba commemorated the centenary
of the birth of Major-General Maximo Gomez. One of the stamps of the
series, 5 centavos, featured the Cuban flag with a five-pointed star in the
field, and the word "independence" in the bottom tablet.
Now that the United States is commemorating Texas Statehood and
the five-pointed star is again featured, it
is
of
interest
that
the
flag
of
Cuba
was
copied
from
that
of
Texas.
A very well put together article in the March, 1931, issue of the
Masonic
Outlook
by Charles A. Brockaway, gives this information as fol-
lows--"Although it is widely known that the flag of Texas displays a
Masonic emblem, how many are aware that there is a national flag in
whose design Masonic emblems played an important role? Early in June,
1849, Narciso Lopez, who was to lead an uprising in Cuba, met with a
few close friends in Warren Street, New York. Among them were Miguel
Teurbe Tolon, Poet of Cuban Independence, Cirilo Villaverde and his wife,
Emilia Cassanova de Villaverde, who was no less ardent than her hus-
band in furthering the cause of Cuba Libre. On Lincoln's Birthday,
1873, Senor Villaverde wrote a letter describing the events of that evening
in 1849, 'Now, Brother Tolon,' said Narciso Lopez, 'let us design a flag
under which Cuba shall be free. This is my idea: Symbolism underlying
the design of the American Flag is the most beautiful to be found in any
national emblem. Let us design a flag for Cuba that shall express at
once her past, our faith in her Cause, and our hopes for the years to
come. The three colors of Liberty are red, white, and blue. Now let us
take three stripes to represent the Military Departments in which Spain
divided Cuba, just as the Americans use thirteen stripes to represent their
Thirteen Colonies. But we must not make a meaningless modification of
the American flag, so we cannot use red and white stripes, nor can we use
three white stripes separated by blue, because the white of the outside
stripes would become lost at a distance.' Therefore three horizontal blue
stripes were separated by white, 'For white,' said Lopez, 'represented the
purity of purpose in a republican form of government. But what shall
we do with the red? Neither a square nor an oblong in red makes a
pleasing addition to the blue and white stripes.' 'Then,' said Lopez, who
was a Freemason--'Let us take the equilateral triangle, for besides its
Masonic significance, it is also a striking geometrical figure!'--and then
he said, 'Let us take the Five-Pointed Star of the Texas flag because it
also carries a symbolic meaning.' " This was then drawn by Tolon and
immediately illuminated with the three Colors of Liberty, and behold a
beautiful flag sprang forth--the flag which was to see Cuba free. . . .
Prompted by a suggestion from David M. Warren of Pan-
handle, the Association has begun a program looking toward
the collection of the original source materials telling of Texans'
participation in World War II. We trust that the entire mem-
bership and citizenry of Texas will cooperate with us in col-
lecting and acquiring the basic records. War letters, diaries,
and clear, well-labeled photographs are especially desired.
The Association, with the consent of Brigadier General J.
Watt Page, state director of selective service, has asked the
Local Board of each Texas county to furnish the list of persons
serving in the armed forces. Many of these lists already have
been' received and placed in the permanent archives of the
University.
Perhaps Missouri and Pennsylvania now lead in what has
been done in collecting war records, but we expect the Texas
people to respond generously in this procedure to preserve the
Texas war record.
Particularly are the letters and diaries needed which reveal
the human experiences of the war: boot camp, USO, travel
experiences, anecdotes, officialdom, pleasures, amusements, trag-
edies, and deaths.
Original letters and diaries may be copied, when desired, be-
fore sending in the originals. The duplicates may be kept for
personal use while the originals become a part of a lasting file
for the use of future historians and students. In the office we
think this is one of the finest memorials that could be created
for a service record.
All papers received will be housed in the University of Texas
archives which cooperates with and serves as the depository for
the Association. These records will become a part of the re-
cently created Eugene C. Barker Texas History Center.
All papers should be addressed to Texas State Historical
Association, Austin 12, Texas.
Just as Athens and Sparta were the beacons of ancient
Greece so is the West Texas historical sky emblazoned with
two stellar regional publications, the Panhandle-Plains
Histori
-
cal
Review
(edited by the genial and cultured L. F. Sheffy)
and the West Texas Historical Association Year
Book
(edited
by the scholarly and resourceful R. N. Richardson).
The Year
Book
for 1945 (XXI) contains the following arti-
cles:
Williams's "Study of the Drouth of 1886" receives four bells,
four stars, or whatever indicates unusual excellence in historical
investigation. Without question the drouth of '86 is the most
historic in Texas' annals. More than anything else the drouth
brought out marked Texan characteristics, especially a charm-
ing sense of humor in the face of adversity.
During the '86 drouth an abandoned house in the Abilene
country bore the following sign:
In my master's thesis I had a chapter on the drouth proper
and one on the humor stimulated by it. The sense of humor of
West Texas people has saved them time and time again. As an
example the following poem was carried in the Mason News
for January 29, 1887. The drouth was still on, and the product
was:
I've travelled in the north and I've travelled in the south
I've seen some rainy seasons and likewise some of drouth;
Both hard times and flush times and weather hot and cold
And I've had a heap of trouble for a man that isn't old.
It's hard times in Georgia when the goobers fail to come,
And a shortage in the cane crop makes a Pelican look glum;
The Suckers always grumble if the corn crop isn't fine,
And the Kansas people tremble when they see the hoppers flyin
A Corncracker growls when tobacco don't mature
And it's hard times always with an Arkansawyer;
Sure it's rough on Pennsylvania when the iron workers strike
But a dry year in Texas just beats 'em all alike.
We get along all right for a year, or maybe two,
With grass enough for cattle and corn enough to do;
We allow that if the price of cotton, stock, and grain
Keep up another year we may get out of debt again;
But spring is late, the stand of oats and wheat ain't none the best,
A stingin' April norther knocks the peaches galley west;
It rains till weeds just take the corn and cotton seed won't sprout;
And when at last we get a stand, the rain it "peters out";
The worms get in the cotton fit to make a parson swear,
The grass dries up, the water fails, the range is eaten bare;
The old cows kick the bucket; it always seems a sin
That we hardly ever find 'em till they're quite too dead to skin;
We hope to sell our yearlings, but those northern chaps don't fail
To find some sort of pretext to close up the cattle trail.
No wheat, nor corn, nor cotton, and yearlings down to eight;
The doctor getting anxious, declares he cannot wait;
On his long delinquent tax list the sheriff puts us down
And our credit is done busted at every store in town.
A man will have some losses in every state, I know,
But once it starts in Texas it all just has to go;
On the ladder of prosperity no matter where you're found
You may as well make up your mind to touch the bottom round.
Why don't I emigrate? Well, now I've tried that, stranger, twice
But I can't stay out of Texas looks like at any price;
The country has its drawbacks but on the whole, you see
I've just about made up my mind it's good enough for me.
If you're lookin' for a site, sir, right here's the place to stop;
Could you lend me twenty dollars till I make another crop?
W. E. Bard, 2804 Parrott Street, Waco, Texas, is in search
of information concerning William G. Dryden, who was con-
nected with the Santa Fe Expedition of 1841. Dryden was also
associated at one time with James Wiley Magoffin in some of
Magoffin's trading enterprises. Any correspondence concerning
Dryden which members may have or about which they may be
able to inform Mr. Bard will be greatly appreciated.
The Cattleman
is always a good magazine; the December, 1945,
number is exceptionally well done. Starting with a reproduc-
tion on the cover of Frederic Remington's "The Call for Help,"
one interested in history finds much to reward his interests.
For example there are the "Queen of the Jingle-Bob," the story
of Sallie Chisum, and the "Town of Oakville [Texas] Has Ro-
nantic History." Bob Beverly writes charmingly of "Nesters
and My Last Trail Days," while J. A. Rickard has an article
on "Prairie Fires."
Henry Biederman, the editor of the Cattleman,
is a member
of the Association. He is frequently in attendance at the annual
meeting.
The following interesting communication has been received
by the Association from Luther H. Evans, Librarian of Con-
gress. It is gratifying to know that Texas has been given such
a prominent place in the affairs of the Library of Congress
between December 15, 1945, and March 15, 1946.
Continuing its program of exhibitions dealing with the history and
culture of the United States, The Library of Congress will present an
important exhibition to commemorate the centenary of the entrance of
Texas into the Union on December 29, 1845, Luther H. Evans, Librarian
of Congress, has announced. The Librarian expressed great pleasure in
offering at this time a significant collection of material outlining the his-
tory and development of the state. "It is with special pride that I am
able to announce that the assembly of manuscripts, rare books, maps, and
other treasures from the Library's collections, relating to the history of
Texas, will be presented as a contribution to the Centenary celebration."
The exhibition will open on December 15 and continue through March 15,
1946. The opening will be marked by a lecture on the history of Texas,
by the Honorable Luther A. Johnson, Representative from Texas, in the
Whittall Pavilion at 3 o'clock.
The display will be divided into two sections. The Ground Floor Gallery
of the Main Building will contain a special showing of photographs de-
picting architecture from the Historic American Buildings Survey, and
views of modern Texas from the Farm Security Administration negatives
now in the Library of Congress. The latter group will show Texas industry
and agriculture, with emphasis on the great oil and cotton industries; the
land; cattle ranching: and typical residents of the "Lone Star State."
The South Exhibition Hall on the second floor of the Main Building
will be devoted to the history and development of the state from earliest
times, as revealed in manuscripts, rare books, prints, maps, broadsides
newspapers and music, drawn from the collection of the Library.
This section of the exhibit will contain the Relation
of Alvar Núñez
Cabeza de Vaca, published at Valladolid in Spain in 1555, with the first
printed account of what is now Texas. It concerns the shipwreck of a
Spanish expedition on the Gulf coast in 1528, and the wanderings of four
survivors across Texas to a Spanish settlement in Sinaloa, western Mex-
ico. This book describes for the first time the inhabitants and character
of Texas. Another important feature of the Spanish period is Francis
Lopez de Gomara's Historia
General
de
las
Indias,
published at Antwerp
in 1554, containing the first printed account of Coronado's journey across
Texas in quest of the fabled "Seven cities of Cíbola," 1540-1542. The wood-
cut of the buffalo in this work is generally considered to be the first pic-
ture of that animal in a printed book. It is believed that Coronado crossed
the Panhandle country of Texas and penetrated as far as Kansas.
Permanent Spanish settlement in Texas resulted from French efforts
to penetrate the country from the Mississippi Valley. La Salle, explorer
of the Mississippi, attempted to found a French settlement on the coast,
at the place which the Spanish called Bahia del Espíritu Santo, now La-
vaca Bay, an arm of Matagorda Bay. Several attractive features of the
exhibit will be the printed accounts of this ill-fated expedition, which
ended in La Salle's murder in 1687, in the Trinity River region. The most
interesting of these, Henri Joutel's Journal
Historique,
was published at
Paris in 1713 from Joutel's manuscript. He accompanied La Salle on the
expedition. The Spanish accepted the challenge, and in 1689 sent out a
counter expedition under Alonso de Leon, which found the ruins of La
Salle's "Fort St. Louis."
This, the real beginning of Spanish Texas, is related in Sigüenzay
Gongora's Trofeo
de
la
Justicia
Espanola,
printed in Mexico in 1691, and
believed to be the only contemporary account of the rival claims from
the Spanish viewpoint.
This expedition began the planting of settlements and missions in Texas.
From that time there are many descriptions of the province, in Spanish
books, maps and manuscripts of the 18th century. Among these are the
famous biography of the Texas missionary, Padre Antonio Margil de
Jesus, by his companion Isidro Felix de Espinosa, with an engraved plate
showing Father Margil preaching to the Indians. Father Margil went to
Texas in 1716. One of the most important early descriptions of Texas is
the Diario
of Pedro de Rivera Villalón, who made a tour of inspection of
the Texas presidios in 1727, describing the country, its people and the
missions. Most important of all is Father Juan Antonio Morfi's Memorias
Para
la
Historia
de
Texas,
compiled by this Franciscan missionary, who
accompanied Theodore de Croix, Commander General of the Interior Prov-
inces, on a tour in 1777-1778. The Library of Congress possesses a copy of
this work in Father Morn's fine handwriting, with a plan of San Antonio
in color.
The Library's special Exhibit-of-the-Week for December 15-21 will be
this Plan
of
San
Antonio
drawn and colored about 1780 by Father Morfi.
The intense Spanish-French rivalry in Texas produced a considerable
number of exquisite maps, engraved and hand-colored, and some of these
will appear in the display. One of the most striking was made by an
engineer, Nicolas de la Fora, about the middle of the 18th century, show-
ing the presidios, missions, ranchos, and principal rivers in the "Provincia
de los Tejas." The manuscript copy was made in Mexico in 1816. A
crude but interesting manuscript map is that of Escandon, ascribed to
1747 and showing the southern part of Texas. There is also a D'Anville
map by Santini at Venice in 1779, showing "Tecas" with the location of
La Salle's settlement of 1685. One of the most beautiful maps is in the
Journal
Historique
of Bernard de la Harpe, made in 1766 by the Chevalier
de Beaurain and based on La Harpe's own explorations in Texas.
In spite of Spain's jealous efforts to exclude intruders, by 1800 Anglo-
Americans were penetrating Texas. One was the horse-trader and adven-
turer Philip Nolan, a mysterious character of frontier history. Two docu-
ments concerning him are to be displayed, one relating to his debt to
General Wilkinson, who later became American Governor of Louisiana.
An early colonization scheme is reflected in one of the rarest books in the
exhibit—Richard Raynal Keene's Memoria,
published at Madrid in 1815
and presented to King Ferdinand VII of Spain, advocating immigration
into Texas.
A serious attempt at foreign settlement came several years later, when
a group of exiled followers of Napoleon attempted to locate on the Trinity
River. The description of this Champ
D'Asile,
published in 1819, is one
of the most valuable items in any collection of Texana, and contains a
quaint frontispiece plan of the settlement. After Mexico had declared
independence from Spain, prospective settlers had to deal with that Repub-
lic, and with the state of Coahuila, of which Texas formed a part accord-
ing to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. An interesting part of the ex-
hibit includes a few printed copies of the constitution and laws of this
state, under which were made some of the early large land grants in Texas.
Of the early colonizers (or empresarios)
the most active and prominent
was Stephen F. Austin, whose permission from the Mexican government
to form a colony, in 1821, started the flood of Anglo-American settlers,
which could have had only one result--the eventual independence of Texas.
In the course of his business concerning the colony, he drew and colored
a map of Texas, which will be a feature of the exhibit. Among those who
visited Texas in the early Anglo-American period was his cousin, Mary
Austin Holley, who wrote her Observations
on Texas partly to encourage
emigration to his colony. This period of the display includes the first
edition of her book, issued at Baltimore in 1833.
Within two years after the publication of this classic the Texans, irri-
tated by the military dictatorship of General Santa Anna, began their
struggle for independence and appealed to the United States for help. At
Louisville, in 1836, Austin presented their cause to Americans in An
Address,
which is sometimes considered the best product of his mind. He
appealed to President Jackson and the members of his cabinet, in an elo-
quent letter, which is one of the highlights of the exhibit. Many other
items relating to the revolutionary period will appear, including the
declaration of the Texans on taking up arms; appeals for volunteers;
The
Journals
of
the
Consultation
at Austin in 1835; contemporary pic-
tures of the Alamo; and a good portrait of Sam Houston, Commander in
Chief of the Texas Army. There is also an edition of the Constitution and
Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Texas, printed at Wash-
ington, D. C. in 1836 by Gales and Seaton.
No sooner had Texas become independent, than European nations be-
came interested in colonizing it, somewhat to the annoyance of Americans
who were already beginning to think of annexation. These conflicting
interests produced a large number of interesting maps and emigrants'
guides. Some of the latter are in French and German, and will be shown,
Especially interesting are descriptions of the German colony of New
Braunfels, settled under the auspices of a society of German nobles; and
of Castroville, founded by a French promoter who was an old soldier of
the Army of Napoleon Bonaparte. One of the American emigrants' guides,
published in 1840, has a frontispiece which is probably the earliest view
of the city of Austin, then a log-cabin capital.
Stimulated by continued friction with Mexico, and by their expansionist
tendencies, Texans undertook military and exploring expeditions, which
inspired some of the classics of Texas literature. Several of these will be
displayed, including Kendall's Narrative
of
the
Texan
Santa
Fé
Expedi
-
tion;
Thomas Jefferson Green's Journal
of
the
Texian
Expedition
against
Mier;
and William Preston Stapp's The
Prisoners
of
Perote.
At an early date the public began to read romantic fiction about Texas,
by such authors as Timothy Flint, Charles Sealsfield (Karl Postl, an Aus-
trian traveler) and Anthony Ganilh. A few of these have been selected
to illustrate the origins of Texas literature, which was sometimes given a
blood-curdling interest, by stories of Indian captivities, due to the raids
of the fierce Comanches who kept the Texas frontier in a state of excite-
ment until the 1870's. One of the captives was the famous Cynthia Ann
Parker, who became the wife of a Comanche chief and the mother of
Chief Quanah. The portion of the exhibit devoted to Indians features the
Parker and Plummer captivity stories, the Life of Quanah, and life among
the Comanches as depicted by George Catlin, the traveling artist who
went among them with his sketch book in the 1830's. Early Texas jour-
nalism is represented by a few issues of newspapers established in the
Republican period, 1835-1845.
By 1838 the Annexation of Texas was becoming a political issue, which
for the next seven years agitated American statesmen and the anti-slavery
societies. The exhibit illustrates the intensity of the conflict, by a con-
siderable number of letters, from collections of private papers in the
Manuscripts Division of the Library, including letters of Andrew Jackson,
James K. Polk, Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson Donelson, United States
Charge d'Affaires in Texas. There are also petitions for and against
annexation in the Papers of the House of Representatives, handbills call-
ing meetings on the subject, and pamphlets for and against annexation.
The admission of Texas as a state, featured by a separate case at the
entrance to the exhibition, is illustrated by the Journal
of the House of
Representatives, open at the page recording the passage of the resolution,
which President Polk signed on December 29, 1845.
Texas had been a state barely sixteen years, when it was forced to
decide whether or not to stay in the Union. The tragic days of Secession,
in 1861, appear in the correspondence between Sam Houston and commis-
sioners from Confederate states, and in printed documents concerning the
formation of a new state government and acceptance of the constitution
of the Confederate States of America. One of the interesting and little-
known facts about the period following the Civil War is the proposal to
divide Texas into two or more states. This will be shown by a rather rare
copy of a constitution for a State of West Texas, drawn up by authority
of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868.
Ranching, one of the most picturesque of Texas industries, will be
illustrated by a few samples of the large literature which has grown up
around it since the publication of Siringo's A
Texas
Cowboy
in 1886 [1885].
Portraits of eminent Texans, since the era of the struggle for inde-
pendence, may be seen in various parts of the exhibit.
Major James Taylor has returned from Guam and in the
early part of 1946 was stationed with AAF Overseas Organi-
zation, History Branch, Baltimore 1, Maryland. Taylor, how-
ever, keeps up with Texas wherever he is. He has forwarded
to the office an editorial from the Evening
Star
(Washington,
D. C.) of January 4, 1946, which is something of an extension
of the previous note.
Not Texans only will be interested in the exhibition of rare books,
manuscripts, maps, drawings and photographs relating to the Lone Star
State now on display at the Library of Congress. The centenary of the
admission of the largest of all the federated commonwealths to the Union
supplies the occasion for the show, but it is five hundred years rather
than merely ten brief decades of American history and culture that are
represented in the material made available for public inspection.
Many different influences are manifest throughout. Several distinct
Indian periods had developed and disappeared before the first Europeans
landed on the Gulf coast in 1528. These pioneer Spaniards were the
survivors of an expedition which had come to grief by shipwreck. How
they wandered across Texas to Sinaloa in Mexico is told in the Relation
of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca—the earliest printed volume of Texan
significance, published at Valladolid in 1555. A copy of this work is among
the most important of the Library's treasures exhibited.
Francisco Lopez de Gomara's Historia
General
de
las
Indias,
produced
at Antwerp in 1554, likewise is displayed. It contains the fascinating
chronicle of Coronado's quest for the seven cities of Cibola, never found.
The effort of the French to establish a colony at Lavaca Bay and the
resultant enterprise of Spain to a similar and more successful purpose
are described in Henri Joutel's Journal
Historique,
Paris, 1713, and Siguen-
zay Gongora's Trofeo
de
la
Justicia
Española,
Mexico, 1691, respectively.
Had La Salle been fortunate, the whole course of events west of the
Mississippi certainly would have been Gallic in character instead of
Iberian.
Other accidents, however, shaped the destiny of Texas and her neighbors
as much or more. The genius of Stephen F. Austin was one of the forces
involved. A map which he drew and colored and a book of observations
which his cousin, Mary Holley, wrote to encourage immigration in 1833
are shown in the Library's selected display. The letter which Austin
addressed to President Jackson in 1836, the Texan Declaration of Inde-
pendence printed by Gales and Seaton in Washington during the same
year, the Constitution of the Republic of Texas and supplementary papers
relating to the struggle to set up a new nation in the Southwest are shown
in chronological order.
passage of a resolution by the House of Representatives signed by Presi-
dent Polk on December 29, 1845. It is an understatement to say that the
sequence is dramatic.
We have received from Dean Alfred Powers, director of the
Oregon Historical Society, 521 Oregon Building, Portland, Ore-
gon, an inquiry about the Rolideaux Ranch. The ranch is re-
ferred to in the Report
of the Commissioner of Agriculture,
1870, as follows:
.. . between the Nueces and Rio Grande rivers, owned by Mr. Kennedy,
is a fertile peninsula of 142,840 acres jutting out into the Gulf of Mexico,
the isthmus being secured by 30 miles of plank fence, guarded at intervals
by herdsmen's ranches. It already contains 30,000 beef cattle, besides
large numbers of other stock.
Dean Powers is engaged in a research problem for which
material on this ranch would be especially useful. He requests
that the members of the Association make available to him any
possible information on the ranch.
The annual dinner of The San Antonio Historical Association
was held at 7 P.M. on January 18 in the Minuet Room of the
historic Menger Hotel. The paper was an unpublished account
by an officer of the New Orleans Greys, "The Storming of San
Antonio," read by C. Stanley Banks. An introduction was made
by Col. M. L. Crimmins, retiring president.
Joe O. Naylor was elected president of the San Antonio
Association for the forthcoming year. On behalf of the officers
and membership of the Texas State Historical Association Col.
M. L. Crimmins, as retiring president, was presented with a
copy of The
Life
of
Stephen
F.
Austin.
Col. Crimmins has writ-
ten the following letter in appreciation:
San Antonio, Texas,
312 Geneseo Road,
January 20, 1946
I am deeply grateful to the officers and membership of the Texas State
Historical Association for their commendation of the manner in which I
have performed my duty as president of the San Antonio Historical Asso-
ciation during the past year and for the presentation to me of, The
Life
of
Stephen
F.
Austin
by Dr. Barker.
Faithfully,
M. L. Crimmins
The Louisiana
Historical
Quarterly
for October (XXVIII,
No. 4), 1945, carries J. Villasana Haggard's "The Neutral
Ground between Louisiana and Texas, 1806-1821." This is Hag-
gard's doctoral dissertation accepted by the department of his-
tory of the University of Texas in 1942. A portion of the study
was published in the Southwestern
Historical
Quarterly
for
July (XLIX, No. 1), 1945, as "The House of Barr and Daven-
port."
Mrs. Lily M. Russell reports historical happenings at Baylor
University as follows:
The Baylor University Historical Society held a luncheon meeting on
Founders' Day, February 1. You will recall that Dr. J. D. Bragg is our
president. We featured Waco University this year, endeavoring to get in
touch with the old students and descendants of trustees and faculty mem-
bers. We also had a program at 10:00 o'clock in Waco Hall.
Professor Samuel E. Asbury of Texas Agricultural and Me-
chanical College wrote during the Christmas holidays a letter
which gives convincing evidence of his continuing devotion to
unearthing the facts of Texas history.
Since October, I have been giving attention to a project I planned
thirty-five years ago. I am taking a one-man census of the headrights
in the historical counties of Texas. To do this right, I take a census of
every tract of land delimited in a Land Office county map, whether in or
outside the actual county limits. I am now nearing the end of the census
for Austin's colonies. After this census will follow all the other colonies
and Land Districts. I began by going up the Brazos River: Brazoria,
Fort Bend, Austin, Waller, Washington, Grimes, Brazos, and Burleson.
Then up the Colorado: Matagorda, Wharton, Colorado, Fayette, Bastrop,
and Travis. Then the southside counties: Calhoun, Jackson, and Lavaca.
Then the east border counties: Galveston, Chambers, and Liberty. Then
the northside set: Harris, Lee, and Williamson. But I still have three
counties of the north side: Madison, Montgomery, and Walker. I am
starting in Madison when I finish this letter. It is laborious and exacting
in time and thought and attention; but no one knows a subject unless he
does the drudgery himself. I divide a county usually into four parts by
red pencil lines. I then number in ink all the tracts in the northwest
quarter, and write down in the "Geographical List" all the data given on
the tracts in that quarter. Then the northeast, the southwest, and the
southeast. Then comes the "Preliminary Alphabetical List." I mark
thirteen sheets of this paper in half parts A&B, C&D, E&F, etc., and
proceed to transfer to the proper letter all the items in the Geographical
List. Then I take up A's and B's with Ba,
Be,
Bi,
etc., numbering these
on the half sheets. T, U, V, X, Y, and Z will not have a full half sheet,
while with some counties there will be seven or eight half sheets for
B, M, S, etc. When I write these Ba,
Be,
Bi,
etc. up in a "Final Alpha-
betical List, Headrights, (Harris) County," my task is done. I fold the
map and the lists, and tie them together with a string.
To one who has done alphabetical listing this will be old stuff. But I
have given the details in hope of criticism and suggestions. Some counties
like Washington are easy (only 250 items). But big counties with hun-
dreds of small tracts, like Travis (1259), or Harris (1256), require about
a week's work. Of course, my task is not done. I plan a "Grand Summary
List" for all Austin's colonies. This will require careful checking for
errors and duplications. But when done, I can tell the tracts Stephen F.
Austin owned, or Sam'l. M. Williams, or Thos. Jefferson Chambers, or
Wm. Hardin, or Sam Houston, et
al.,
but not their acreage. I estimate
in leagues, half leagues, etc. Often, these estimates are inaccurate approx-
imations; but, they are good enough for my purpose. All this information
could be accurately given by the Land Office and the county courthouse.
But the Attorney General has ruled against the Land Office's giving
information free to historians. So I fall back on my land office maps,
Walsh editions, usually. They are often very difficult to follow, especially
as to railroad grants, compared with modern up to date Land Office county
maps.
It is astonishing how my "Geographical" and "Alphabetical" lists sup-
plement good county histories like Blair's History
of
Grimes
County.
And
my education in family clans like the Burlesons, extending over several
counties, is like a torch in the night to my ignorance. And what do I know
about Justo Liendo? or Santiago del Valle? or Rafael de Aguirre? What
did they do to deserve six to ten leagues of land in Travis and Williamson
counties? And the delightful names! There is Socrates
Darling
of Bastrop
County. His dear lady could exclaim, "My Socrates is a Darling!" with-
out sentimentality. Certainly, Socrates Darling must have been better off
than poor old Socrates of Greece, whose wife, Xanthippe, the worst shrew
and virago of her day, I am sure, never called him (Old Socrates) her
darling!
Now as proof of the fact that Texas Collection material does
extend the historical horizon and as a tribute to President L. W.
Kemp's thoroughness in research I am appending the Kemp
notes on Socrates Darling.
Socrates Darling was born in Boston, Massachusetts, April 24, 1806.
On February 13, 1836, he was issued title to a league of land in Austin's
Fifth Colony in what is now Bastrop County, but it was not patented.
On February 2, 1838, he received Headright Certificate No. 12 for a league
and labor of land from the Board of Land Commissioners of Fayette
County and the certificate stated that he came to Texas in December, 1834.
In Comptroller's Military Service Record No. 6518 General Stephen F.
Austin and Captain R. Goheen certified that Darling served in Captain
Goheen's Company from September 28 to November 24, 1835. Captain
Goheen certified that Darling continued in his company until December
15, 1835. He was issued Donation Certificate No. 905 for 640 acres of
land May 4, 1838, for having participated in the storming and capture of
Bexar, December 5 to 10, 1835.
The name "S. Darling" appears on the San Jacinto rolls printed in 1836,
a member of Captain James Gillaspie's Company. On page 28 of the San
Jacinto rolls in the General Land Office the name appears as "S. Darling."
Darling, having received a donation certificate for participating in the
capture of Bexar, was not entitled to receive one for his service in the
Battle of San Jacinto. He did not receive the land due him immediately
prior to or after the battle.
On January 25, 1840, Darling was elected coroner of Fayette County.
The Deed Records of Bastrop County show that on September 22, 1852,
he deeded to the trustees of Baylor University 320 acres of land situated
in Bastrop County.
Darling married a Miss Woodward in Massachusetts. There were no
children by this marriage. Mrs. Darling died, and on February 9, 1854,
Darling was married to Mrs. Louranie Jones Lester, widow of David
Lester, brother of James S. Lester, a San Jacinto veteran.
Darling died April 6, 1870. Mrs. Darling was born near Lebanon, Ten-
nessee, June 10, 1810 and died June 8, 1870, and was buried beside her
husband at Jedde, Fayette County, nine miles north of Waelder.
Children of Mr. and Mrs. Socrates Darling were: James; Albert, who
married Nancy Terrell; Daniel, who married Caroline Orchard; and
Josephine Darling, who married W. D. Cowan. All of these are deceased
except Daniel Darling who resides near Luling, R. F. D. No. 1.
Surviving grandchildren of Socrates Darling are: Mrs. Ella Darling
Chasten; Mrs. Josie Brown, 4402 Vandelia Avenue, Dallas; James Darling;
Mrs. Orb Smith, Blanco; Mrs. John P. Hall, Luling, R.F.D. No. 1; William
Darling, Pecos; John, Frances, Myrtle, and Lou Darling.
From Sarah Chokla Gross, 11 Newkirk Avenue, East Rock-
away, Long Island, New York, Secretary of the Theatre Library
Association and editor of its magazine Broadside,
comes the
October and December numbers for 1945. "The Chokla girl"
distinguished herself in Texas before being called to New York
City and the national theatre scene; in New York, however,
the Quarterly
has been for her one means of keeping up un-
diminished interests in Texas. The following applause for the
Texas Collection was much appreciated, "Every time I see the
amount of notes for your special section and think of the ter-
rific correspondence and checking it must require, my head
spins. I don't know how you do it." Mrs. Gross has been a
frequent contributor to the book auction and with continuing
interest writes, "I hope you will accept for the spring auction
a couple of books I shall mail down. In your write-up of the
auction, won't you mention a few details like which book
fetched the highest price, which was the rarest, etc.? I looked
hungrily through the story last year." In case others have had
similar questions, as I remember the auction, Edward, History
of
Texas,
brought $40, which was the high point in the bidding.
A copy of Haley's XIT
Ranch
of
Texas
brought just a few
dollars less than the Edward's book. Ordinarily, however, the
books are sold at from $3.00 to $4.00.
The December Broadside
carried the following item of inter-
est about an erstwhile Texan who still carries the brand.
Stark Young, dramatist and critic for the New
Republic,
meets the
public in a new guise as these words go to press. At the Rehn Galleries,
683 Fifth Avenue, a one-man show by S. Young, the painter, hangs for
your inspection and enjoyment. Among the pictures, which include some
beautiful flower arrangements and landscapes, are evidences of the artist's
feeling for Texas (where he once directed the famous Curtain Club of
the University of Texas) and for theatrical subjects: "Rehearsal in Red,"
"Rehearsal for a Pageant in North Texas," and a fine landscape entitled,
"Not China but West Texas."
Editor Gross' concluding note may bear fruit among the As-
sociation membership.
I wonder if you'd care to run a note sometime, saying that the Broad
-
side
would welcome news of personal theatre collections (circus, radio,
the dance--anything in the field of public entertainment), and of research
or writing in this field. Even word of the possession of isolated old Texas
playbills would be of interest to our members.
Worth S. Ray, Austin, is without question one of the most
distinguished genealogists holding membership in the Associa-
tion. His publications have been numerous for his interests are
wide. Ray's most recent book is Colonial
Granville
County
and
its
People.
This special binding represents pages 193 through
312 of a larger forthcoming book to be entitled The
Lost
Tribes
of
North
Carolina.
Naturally the Granville
County
publication
will interest mostly North Carolinians and those whose roots
go back to that area; but many Tar Heels came to Texas so in
the book one finds Texana materials: references to Sam Ray-
burn, Memucan Hunt, James Pinckney Henderson, Sydney Por-
ter ("O. Henry"), Robert Potter, and others. On page 283
there is a representation of a celebrated Texas hostelry, "the
old Bullock Hotel or Tavern in Austin, Texas, of 1839-40." In
the Memucan Hunt genealogy one finds traced the antecedents
of Ben B. Hunt, "Texas Pamphleteer" and prominent member
of the Association who has been mentioned several times in
previous Texas Collections.
Many of the resourceful researchers in the field of Texas
history have become acquainted with the archival records of
the Masonic Lodge, but the following letter from Dr. S. W.
Geiser, of Southern Methodist University at Dallas, is a con-
vincing statement in demonstrating the vast amount of infor-
mation from Masonic sources that may yet await uncovering:
Today, in glancing over the pages of my recent book on the Texas
horticulturists [Horticulture
and
Horticulturists
in
Early
Texas],
I was
impressed with the great help derived from Masonic records. Historians
would do well to utilize to a greater degree the remarkable, nearly-com-
plete, card index of former Masons in Texas. This index is a part of the
archival materials in the Grand Lodge Library at Waco: it was made
(as I understand it) while Miss Julia Hogan was in charge of the library.
By consulting this index, frequently one can get his first clues as to the
whereabouts in Texas of obscure men.
Beginning with the year 1837, the index shows times and places of
Masonic membership and, in many cases, dates of death of individual
members. Of a list of 976 naturalists "run" in 1940, 24 per cent were
found to be Masons; and (curiously enough) the same percentage was
found for a list of 168 Texas horticulturists, in 1944. An excellent exam-
ple to demonstrate the usefulness of this index is given at page 56 on
the horticulture book, in the case of J. J. Kendrick, one of the vice-presi-
dents of the Texas Horticultural and Pomological Association, 1875. From
Mr. George H. Belew, the present Grand Secretary and Librarian of the
Grand Lodge, I have on many occasions received much help and infor-
mation in matters involving early Texan Masons.
At the annual meeting of the History of Science Society held
in New York City on December 27, 1945, Dr. S. W. Geiser, a
fellow of the Association, was elected a member of the Council
for 1946, 1947, and 1948. Dr. Geiser is the representative from
the Southern States.
At the present writing the Association is indebted to Senator
Tom Connally for supplying the office with a copy of the Bio
-
graphical
Directory
of
the
American
Congresses,
1774-1927,
but
if we were to enumerate all similar services the list would be
long and include such other items as Glenn A. Gray, Gazetteer
of
Streams
of
Texas
and Henry Gannett, A
Gazetteer
of
Texas.
The Senator's knowledge of and interest in Texas history is
well established. His membership in the Association is of long
standing, but his list of services and prompt attention to our
needs are indeed much appreciated. Tom Connally is an inter-
national name today, but the man has never departed from his
Texan heritage.
The Pacific
Northwest
Quarterly
for October, 1945, carried
the following paragraph relating to the Association's Hand
-
book
program:
The
Handbook
of
Texas,
projected under the editorship of Walter P.
Webb as a complete and authoritative encyclopedia of state history, biog-
raphy, and culture, is now advanced well into the planning stage with
the publication of a Tentative
List
of
Subjects
(Austin: The Texas State
Historical Association, 1945). Accompanying the proposed list, which com-
prises over 12,600 items, are several pages of sample articles written in
the manner that is proposed for the finished Handbook.
The plan is to
present articles covering the subjects listed, in alphabetical order, the
length of each being determined by its historical importance.
Questions on the Alamo are recurrent in the office. The fol-
lowing inquiry is somewhat typical and, as Dr. Amelia Wil-
liams's reply is quite meaty, it is a pleasure to make the infor-
mation generally available in the Texas Collection. Miss Wil-
liams' doctoral dissertation was, "A Critical Study of the Siege
and Fall of the Alamo." Portions of the study were published
in the Quarterly
between July, 1933, and April, 1934.
Colonel Gerald E. Cronin, 426 South Main Street, Milford,
Michigan, writes as follows:
While stationed at Laredo, Texas, in 1914 or 1915, I dimly recall reading
an article in one of the San Antonio papers concerning an aged woman
who, as an infant, had survived the Alamo battle.
Recently reading Herbert Gorman's The
Wine
of
San
Lorenzo,
I noted
that he makes this alleged survivor into a boy.
I would deeply appreciate if you would set me right on this matter.
(1) Was there any survivor of the Alamo? (2) If so, what was his or her
name and when and where did he or she die?
Dr. Williams's reply is as follows:
So far as I know, my thesis, "A Critical Study of the Siege and Fall of
the Alamo and of the Personnel of its Defenders," contain citations to
all the reliable sources, both original and published, concerning the various
aspects of the Alamo story. My bibliography is somewhat long. Since
my information that answers the questions asked by Colonel Cronin is
gathered from many sources, I make the above statement. However, I
shall also cite a few specific sources that deal partially with the questions
asked. They are as follows:
1. Original Sources.
a. Bounty and Donation Certificates—General Land Office of Texas.
b. Court of Claims Files—General Land Office of Texas
c. Headright Certificates--General Land Office.
e. Petitions and Memorials—Texas State Library.
f. Financial Papers—Texas State Library
2. Printed Sources.
a. The Lamar Papers.
b. Gray, F. W., From Virginia to Texas.
c. The Austin Papers.
d. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly—Volumes used, I to XXIII.
e. Texas Almanac, 1856-1873.
f. Barnes, C. M., Combats and Conquests of Immortal Heroes.
g. Caro, Ramon Martinez, Veradera Idea de la Primera Campana de
Tejas y Suceses ocurridos después de la Acción de San Jacinto,
(Mexico, 1837).
h. Clairborne, Airie M., The
Story
of
the
Alamo.
i. Corner, William, San
Antonio
de
Bejar
j. Filisola, Vicente, Memorias para la Historia de la Guerra de Tejas
--two volumes.
k. Linn, John J., Reminiscences of Fifty Years in Texas.
l. Rodrigues, J. M., Memories of Early Texas.
m. Winkler, E. W., The
Alamo.
n. Wright, Ione, San
Antonio,
Historical,
Traditional,
Legendary
(and
scores of other printed sources that deal in scrappy manner with
subjects desired).
3. Newspapers.
a. Telegraph
and
Texas
Register,
March 12, 24, 1836; March 28, 1837;
March 23, 1842; July 26, 1843.
b. El
Correo
Atlántico,
April 11, 18, 1836; June 13, 1836.
c. Austin
City
Gazette,
April 14, 1841; July 17, 1874
d. San
Antonio
Express,
November 24, 1901; May 12, 1907; February
18, 1912; September 8, 1912, etc.
e. El
Mosquito
Mexicana,
(Garcia Library) April 5, 1836.
All the sources that I have investigated--original documents as well
as printed accounts--agree in saying that there were fifteen or more
women and children in the Alamo at the time of its fall on March 6, 1836.
Most of these were San Antonio citizens who took refuge within the Alamo
when the Mexican army arrived at San Antonio on February 22, 1836.
Most of the women and children belonged to the defenders of the fortress.
I was never able to verify by name all these women, but for the fol-
lowing women I was able to find considerable information: (1) Mrs.
Almeron Dickinson and her fifteen-month-old daughter, Angelina. An-
gelina was subsequently known in Texas as the "Babe of the Alamo."
Almeron Dickinson was a captain in command of the artillery force at
the Alamo. Mrs. Dickinson lived until the 1880's (I do not recall the date
of death and do not have notes available). Angelina married the son of
an old Texas family by the name of Frank Griffith. This couple had
three children, two sons and a daughter.
(2) Mrs. Horace Alsbury, formerly Mrs. Alijo Perez, born Juana Na-
varro, daughter of José Angel Navarro II, the only member of the large
Navarro family not loyal to the Texan cause. At the time of the siege
of the Alamo, José Angel Navarro II was an officer in Santa Anna's army.
His wife had died when his two daughters were small children. His
sister, Mrs. Juan Martin Veremendi, had adopted the children and had
reared them as her own children. Mrs. Alsbury had married Dr. Horace
Alsbury in January, 1836. When it was certain that Santa Anna was
marching into Texas with a large army, Dr. Alsbury left his family--
his wife, her eighteen-month-old son, Alijo Perez, and her fifteen-year-old
sister, Gertrudis Navarro--in the care of James Bowie, while he (Dr.
Alsbury) went to East Texas to prepare a place of safety for them.
James Bowie looked upon these Navarro girls as if they were his own
sisters, for they were first cousins and foster sisters of his deceased wife,
Ursula Veremendi. So when the Mexican army arrived in San Antonio,
February 22, 1836, he took them into the Alamo with him, and they were
there during the siege and fall. In 1842 Dr. Horace Alsbury was killed,
and soon afterward his wife married again, this time to Juan Perez, a
cousin of her first husband. I did not trace her career further. Gertrudis
Navarro married one Juan M. Cantu, a wealthy and influential Mexican.
She lived out her life in Mexico.
(3) Another woman definitely known to have been within the Alamo
fortress at the time of its fall was Mrs. Gregorio Esparza with her four
children. Her son Enrique was nearly nine years old at the time. He
grew to manhood and lived in San Antonio, Texas, to be an old man. He
was intelligent, received a fair education, and was considered an honest,
honorable citizen. He was frequently interviewed by newspaper men. The
San Antonio Express,
May 12, 1907, carries the story he told of his recol-
lections of the fall of the Alamo. The Bounty and Donation Certificates,
Bexar No. 1183, Travis No. 762, and the Court of Claims Applications
No. 572, File (D-G)—all in the General Land Office of Texas, give full
accounts of Gregorio Esparza and his family. Gregorio Esparza was one
of the Alamo victims.
(4) Mrs. Toribio Losoya--later Mrs. Milton--and her three children
were in the Alamo. Her husband was a Texas soldier and died in the
defense of the fort.
(5) I have also verified the fact that Trinidad Saucedo and Dona Petra
(a very old woman) were also in the fort. I know nothing about them
afterwards.
(6) Madam Candalaria, a Mexican woman of worthy service during
the 1840's in San Antonio, as nurse during epidemics of smallpox, always
claimed that she also was in the Alamo during its siege and fall. She
gave many interviews to newspaper men and anyone who would hear her.
Her stories varied from time to time. In her old age she settled on the
story that she was in the Alamo to nurse James Bowie, and that he was
killed as she raised him in her arms to give him a drink. Documents of
1836 do not bear out this story. It seems that she went into the Alamo
(only sixteen years old) with her lover, Antonio Cruz y Arocha, a young
Mexican of high birth, a member of Juan Seguin's company, and that
when Travis sent him out as a messenger, February 29, 1836, he took
his sweetheart with him. But the old lady always claimed that she was
at the Alamo during the massacre. Texas gave her a pension for her
services. She deserved the pension for her service as a nurse in San
Antonio, even if she was not at the Alamo when it fell. Since her story
was believed by many who had never investigated earlier documents, I
tell it here.
Besides these women and children, two negro slave boys were left alive
after the massacre. Joe, the servant of Travis, and Sam, Bowie's man.
rhen, too, there was old Anselmo Borgarra who claimed that he was
Travis's bodyguard during the final assault, although he was never a
combatant against the Mexicans. It was Borgarra who first reached Gon-
zales with the news of the Alamo disaster.
I have never read The
Wine
of
San
Lorenzo,
but I suspect that the boy
immortalized was Enrique Esparza.
The old woman, about whom Colonel Cronin remembers to have read
in a San Antonio paper, was probably Madam Candalaria, or it may have
been Mrs. Dickinson. Mrs. Dickinson was frequently interviewed by
writers. It was not she herself, however, but her daughter Angelina who
was the child of the Alamo.
Andrew Forest Muir, 946 Cortlandt Street, Houston 8, Texas,
gives additional information on ornithologist John James Au-
dubon :
Samuel Wood Geiser's "Audubon in Texas," printed first in Southwest
Review,
XVI (1930), 109-35, and then in Naturalists
of
the
Frontier
(Dallas: Southern Methodist University, 1937), is an excellent account
of the elder Audubon's visit to Texas. There are, however, one or two
pertinent sources which Mr. Geiser did not use. The Telegraph
and
Texas
Reaister
twice referred to his visit.
"AUDUBON.--The United States revenue cutter, captain Turner, ar-
rived at Galveston on the 24th, bearing the celebrated Ornithologist Au-
dubon and his son: Mr. Harris also accompanies this gentleman and is
associated with him in his scientific researches. Audubon is one of the
very few Americans, whose fame has extended throughout the civilized
world, and whose services have commanded a national tribute of respect
from the United States.
1
A year later the editor noted the visit in "A Chronicle of Events Dur-
ing: the Second Year of the Independence of Texas."
2
More significant is the resolution introduced by Stephen Hendrickson
Everitt into the Senate on May 25, 1837, ten days after Audubon's audi-
ence with President Houston:
"As one of the first Steps towards the attainment of Science is its due
and ardent appreciation, and as a similarity of taste and feeling engender
friendship and cement its bonds, as well between civilized Nations as
Individuals, and as we have recently been honored by a visit from the
celebrated and scientific Audubon, whose fame, talents, and researches
are known throughout the enlightened world, I beg to offer the following
resolution--most Sincerely hoping that through this honorable Body, Texas
may evince to the world that She is, even now, while Struggling for
Liberty, ready to foster genius and Talent, and unite with her great
political ancestors Britain and the United States, in paying a just tribute
of respect to the distinguished Individual who is the Subject of this
resolution--
"Resolved--that fully impressed with the importance of promoting
Science and research, and encouraging the notice and regard of gentlemen
possessing these qualities, and as a mean of Stimulating them to explore
and investigate this our Eden Texas, that John James Audubon of the
State of Louisiana Esquire, Fellow of the Royal Society &c. &c. &c.
and
the distinguished ornithologist and naturalist who has lately visited our
Shores, be, and he is hereby vested with all the rights, privileges, and
immunities of Citizenship, and that the President of the Republic be
instructed to issue 'letters patent' confirmatory of the Same, with the
great Seal of the Republic affixed.
"Resolved that a copy of the foregoing preamble and Resolution be
forwarded to Mr: Audubon, and that the Same be published in the 'Tele-
graph' of this Town."
Endorsed: "Preamble & resolution granting letters of Citizenship to
Mr Audubon. rec'd 25th May l[ai]d on table 26 May referred to Com-
mittee on foreign relations 27 May 1837"
3
Unfortunately this resolution with its gracious recognition of a distin-
guished artist and scientist was killed in the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations.
The Association has been fortunate to receive from Señor
Guillermo Porras Muñoz of Mexico, D. F., an autographed copy
of the Diario
y
Derrotero
de
lo
Caminado,
Visto
y
Obcervado
en
el
Discurso
de
la
Visita
General
de
Precidios,
Situados
en
las
Provincias
Ynternas
de
Nueva
España,
Que
de
Orden
de
Su
Magestad
Executo
D.
Pedro
de
Rivera.
Published in a limited
edition, the book has an introduction by Guillermo Porras, with
the text and notes being done by Guillermo Porras Muñoz.
Rivera gave the distance of his travels as 3,082 leagues which
he covered in a little more than three and one-half years. A
frontispiece map shows the extent and direction of Rivera's
march which was a daring undertaking even in 1724. The
period from July 28, 1727, to January 2, 1728, is of special
interest to Texans. During that time Rivera crossed the Rio
Grande and the Medina River within the present state of Texas,
visited in San Antonio, crossed the Colorado, and went on to
Dolores and Nacogdoches, returning by the Sabine and Los
Adaes to San Antonio. From November 8 to November 27
Rivera was at La Bahia del Espíritu Santo. On January 2, 1728,
he recrossed the Rio Grande. There is also some reference to
the extreme western portion of Texas; El Paso was visited both
in May and in October, 1726.
In the Diario
Rivera gives brief descriptions of the country
through which he traveled and of the missions and presidios
which he visited, with mention of the Indians in the various
regions. The Diario
is a welcome addition to the fund of infor-
mation available on the Spanish period of Texas history.
Recent historical happenings at West Texas State College at
Canyon are recorded by Dr. L. F. Sheffy as follows:
John L. McCarty, of the Amarillo News-Globe,
has completed a history
of Old Tascosa for his Master's thesis at the West Texas State College.
McCarty's history will be published by the University of Oklahoma Press
early in 1946.
Miss Margaret Elliot, of Spur, has completed a history of the Pitchfork
Ranch under the supervision of the Department of History at the West
Texas State College. Miss Elliot received the Master's degree at the close
nf the summer session in 1945.
The Pitchfork Ranch was established in 1881 when a partnership was
formed by Colonel J. S. Godwin and D. B. Gardner. The lands of this
ranch lay just west of the 100th meridian in King and Dickens counties
and the ranch at the time of its establishment was a part of the open
range of West Texas. The Pitchfork Ranch is one of the early ranches
in West Texas that have survived the changes of the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries. The ranch today contains more than 100,000 acres
about equally divided between King and Dickens counties. It is drained
largely by the Little Wichita which cuts through the middle of the range.
The beautiful and commodious headquarters of the Pitchforks is located
on Highway 82 between Guthrie and Benjamin. The Pitchforks is one of
the historic ranches of Central West Texas.
Sgt. J. W. Carpenter, who is at present at the Amarillo Air Field, is
gathering material for a history of the railroad development of Northwest
Texas and its effects upon agriculture in that section of the state.
Miss Frances Phillips of Hale Center is writing a history of the devel-
opment of agriculture in Northwest Texas as a Master's thesis in the
department of history at West Texas State. This thesis will analyze the
methods and the technique used in the development of agriculture in the
Panhandle-Plains area.
The latest accession to the Museum of the Panhandle-Plains Historical
Society is the collection of Charlie Hamilton of Benjamin. Mr. Hamilton,
now engaged in the ranching business in Knox County, was born and
reared in Old Mobeetie in Wheeler County, where his father was for years
engaged in the cattle business.
The Hamilton Collection consists of a fine assortment of photographs
of early day scenes at Mobeetie, a large number of relics and toys which
were used by Charlie Hamilton in his childhood days at Mobeetie, much
handiwork of pioneer women of Mobeetie, letters, documents, and other
valuables. This collection will appeal especially to children and to those
interested in early Panhandle art.
A valuable collection of early day photographs of Canadian has been
donated recently to the Panhandle-Plains Historical Society by Frank
Chambers of Canadian. These photographs were collected by Chambers'
father, John Chambers, who came to the Texas Panhandle as a cow
puncher in 1875. "Uncle Johnnie Chambers," as he was affectionately
known, was actively identified with the development of the Panhandle
from the time he arrived there until his death. He became greatly inter-
ested in the history of the Panhandle during his later years and was pre-
paring his Memoirs for publication at the time of his death. Many of the
photographs in this collection are rare.
The American Historical Association has made the following
announcement of the terms and conditions of the new Beveridge
Memorial Fellowship. This fellowship may prove of interest to
some of our younger members.
The Albert J. Beveridge Memorial Fellowship was established by the
American Historical Association in December, 1945. It is to be awarded
annually for the best original manuscript, either completed or in progress,
on American history. By "American history" is meant the history of the
United States, Latin America, and Canada, from the sixteenth century to
the present. The Fellowship will be administered by the Committee on
the Albert J. Beveridge Memorial Fund.
Each Fellowship has a cash value of $1000; the manuscript will be
published on the Albert J. Beveridge Memorial Fund, and the author will
also receive a 5% royalty of the retail price of the book after editorial
and manufacturing costs have been met. There is no requirement that
a Fellow shall obtain leave of absence from his normal occupation during
his tenure of the Fellowship.
In the discretion of the Committee other meritorious manuscripts sub-
mitted in the competition may also be published on the Albert J. Beveridge
Memorial Fund.
As small a part as one-half of the manuscript may be submitted at the
time of application, but it must be accompanied by a detailed outline of
the balance; and no doctoral thesis will be eligible unless it is complete
and has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Ph.D. degree.
If a complete manuscript is not submitted, the manuscript shall be
completed by a date to be agreed upon between the Committee and the
author; in no case shall this be more than two years after the date of
the award.
Manuscripts may range from 50,000 to 125,000 words in length and
must be of a scholarly character. Literary merit will be an important
factor in determining the award. Biographies, monographs, and works of
synthesis and interpretation are eligible; translations, anthologies, and
collections of documents are not.
Each annual award will be announced at the annual meeting of the
American Historical Association in December.
For a complete manuscript, the entire amount of the cash award ($1000)
will be payable upon the announcement of the award. For an incomplete
manuscript, one-half ($500) will be payable upon the announcement of
the award, and the remainder ($500) upon the Committee's acceptance
of the completed manuscript.
If none of the manuscripts submitted seems of sufficient merit to the
Committee, no award will be made; and in all cases the Committee's inter-
pretation of rules shall be considered final.
In order to be considered for the 1946 award, manuscripts must be
submitted not later than September 1, 1946. Manuscripts received after
September 1, 1946, may be considered for the 1947 award.
Applicants are requested to file on a special form, which will be provided
on application, and submit it with their manuscripts.
While every care will be taken in the handling of material submitted,
the Committee cannot accept responsibility in the case of loss or damage.
All manuscripts and all correspondence relating to the Albert J. Bev-
eridge Memorial Fellowship should be addressed to:
Arthur P. Whitaker, Chairman
Committee on the Albert J. Beveridge Memorial
Fund of the American Historical Association,
208 College Hall,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania.
Edward P. Alexander, Director of the Wisconsin Historical
Society, is in the front rank of those advocating an intelligent
interest in local history. Dr. Alexander also has workable pro-
grams to offer. In his "Chats with the Editor" section of
Wisconsin
Magazine
of
History
for December, 1945, he offers
the following suggestions for local historical societies:
1. Appoint a planning committee to make an outline of the history of
the county and its component parts. Use this outline, in laying out a
ten-year program of meetings and publications, and also in determining
collection policies for library and museum materials.
2. Hold active meetings with historical papers and entertainment fea-
tures such as historical pilgrimages, music and folk dances, picnics, dis-
plays at county fairs, and the like. Meet at least four times a year, and
have the board of directors meet monthly.
3. Work always to attract different sections of the community to your
meetings--college and high school teachers, energetic women, newspaper
editors, old-timers, high school and college students, collectors of antiques,
and community groups interested in the topic of the meeting. See to it
that your meetings are held about the county and that all parts are
represented.
4. Issue a simple mimeographed bulletin every quarter or oftener, giv-
ing lists of new members, announcements and brief reports of meetings;
short historical items taken from county histories and newspapers, and
news of the society and its work. Send these bulletins to all members and
to every newspaper in the county.
5. Print good papers read at the meetings in as many of the county
newspapers as possible. Try to work toward the day when these articles
may be drawn together and published in a separate pamphlet.
6. Work toward some kind of a headquarters house which will contain
library collections of books, imprints, maps, illustrations, scrapbooks, news-
papers, and manuscripts on the history of the county and museum collec-
tions of useful and meaningful articles. Use your master plan to collect
these materials systematically.
7. When you have achieved this headquarters, make it the center of an
active and varied historical program. Emphasize especially the museum
activities and try to obtain public tax support for the project so as to
employ a full-time, imaginative, energetic, and personable curator.
8. Above all, keep active and alert for chances to make the. county more
conscious of its useful past. Jeremy Belknap, a founder of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, the first in America (1791), expressed the
idea well when he wrote: "We intend to be an active,
not a passive
body; not to lie waiting, like a bed of oysters ... but to seek
and find,
to
preserve
and communicate
literary intelligence, especially in the historical
way."
Mrs. Tom Carter, 809 Baltimore, Plainview, Texas, writes
that she is interested in organizing a Hale County, Texas, His-
torical Society. Mrs. Carter has been sent literature from the
office and advised to consult with all existing local historical
groups in Texas. We have also recommended Donald Dean
Parker, Local
History;
Heilbron, How
to
Organize
a
Local
His
-
torical
Society;
and a pamphlet of the Wisconsin Historical So-
ciety, What
Should
Our
Historical
Society
Do
?
The Texas State
Historical Association will always be glad to assist in the for-
mation of local historical groups in Texas.
J. C. Dykes, 4511 Guilford Road, College Park, Maryland,
has reprinted the first known publication on Billy the Kid, a
Dime Novel of 1881, by Don Jernado, entitled, The
True
Life
of
Billy
the
Kid.
Attached to the reprint as an appendix is a
bibliography of Billy the Kid items based on the collections of
Dykes and Louis P. Merrill of Fort Worth.
CONSTELLANO, Illion)— The
True
Life
of
Billy
the
Kid—
by Don Jer-
nado (pseud.), Frank Tousey, New York, illustrated wraps, 15 double-
column pages. (Wide Awake Library No. 451, August 29, 1881);
FABLE, Edmund, Jr.—The
True
Life
of
Billy
the
Kid—
Denver Publish-
ing Co., Denver, Colo. Title recorded with Copyright Office Sept. 7, 1881.
No record of copyright deposit copies being received by Library of
Congress.
GARRETT, Pat F.--An
Authentic
Life
of
Billy
the
Kid,
the
Noted
Des
-
perado
of
the
Southwest—
-The New Mexican Printing and Publishing-
Co., Santa Fe, N. M., 1882, tinted pictorial wraps, 137 pages, illustrated;
Billy
the
Kid—
John W. Morrison, New York, pictorial wraps. (Morrisons
Sensational Series No. 3);
Billy
the
Kid
and
His
Girl—
John W. Morrison, New York, pictorial wraps.
(Morrison's Sensational Series No. 20) ;
Billy
the
Kid
and
the
Cowboys—
John W. Morrison, New York, pictorial
wraps. (Morrison's Sensational Series No. 23);
Billy
the
Kid,
No.
2
--John W. Morrison, New York, pictorial wraps. (Mor-
rison's Sensational Series No. 26).
SIRINGO, Chas. A.--A
Texas
Cowboy
or
Fifteen
Years
on
the
Hurricane
Deck
of
a
Spanish
Pony
--M. Umbdenstock & Co., Chicago, 1885, cloth,
316 pages, illustrated. Added illustrated title page in color plus one
added illustration in color.
(DOUGHTY, Francis W.)--Old
Kind
Brady
and
Billy
the
Kid;
or,
The
Great
Detective's
Chase
--by a New York Detective, Frank Tousey, N. Y.,
pictorial wraps, 29 triple-column pages, illustrated. (The New York
Detective Library No. 411, Oct. 11, 1890.)
HOUGH, Emerson--The
Story
of
the
Cowboy
--New York, 1897, cloth, 349
pages, illustrated.
(WOODS, Walter)—Billy the Kid" by Walwin Woods (pseud.). Type-
written. A play in 4 acts. Aug. 24, 1903 (Library of Congress).
WOODS, Walter and Joseph SANTLEY—"Billy the Kid." Typewritten.
A play in 4 acts. Aug. 13, 1907 (Library of Congress) ;
LA CROIX, Arda—Billy
the
Kid—N.
Y. (1907), colored wraps, 128 pages
(Play Book Series No. 118--based on play by Woods and Santley) ;
HOUGH, Emerson—The
Story
of
the
Outlaw—
N. Y., 1907, cloth and
boards, 401 pages, illustrated.
SIRINGO, Chas. A.—A Lone
Star
Cow
b
oy—
(Privately printed), Santa
Fe, 1919, cloth, 291 pages, illustrated;
SIRINGO, Chas. A.--The
Song
Companion
of
a
Lone
Star
Cowboy
--(pri-
vately printed), Santa Fe, (1919), wraps, 40 pages.
SIRINGO, Chas. A.—
History
of
"Billy
the
Kid"—
privately printed, (1920),
pictorial wraps, 142 pages.
THORP, N. Howard ("Jack")—Songs
of
the
Cowboys—
Boston & N. Y.,
1921, flexible leather, 184 pages.
POE, John W.—The
True
Story
of
the
Killing
of
"Billy
the
Kid"—pri
-
vately printed by E. A. Brinistool, Los Angeles (1923), wraps, 15 pages,
illustrated. (An edition of 250 copies);
TOWNSHEND, R. B.—The Tenderfoot
in
New
Mexico,
London, 1923.
BECHDOLT, Frederick R.—
Tales
of
the
Old-Timers—
-N. Y. and London,
(1924), cloth, 367 pages, frontis, by Remington.
BURNS, Walter Noble-- The
Saga
of
Billy
the
Kid
--Garden City, N. Y.,
1926, words "First Edition" follow the copyright notice, cloth, 322 pages:
LORD, John--Frontier
Dust
--Hartford, Conn., 1926, cloth, paper labels,
198 pages. Limited to 1000 copies.
SIRINGO, Chas. A.—Riata
and
Spurs,
Boston & N. Y., 1927, cloth, 276
pages, illustrated;
FULTON, Maurice Garland (editor)--Pat
F.
Garrett's
Authentic
Life
of
Billy
the
Kid
--N. Y., 1927, words "Published November, 1927" follow the
copyright notice, cloth with paper label, 233 pages, illustrated;
RHODES, Eugene Manlove--Once
in
the
Saddle—
Boston & N. Y., 1927,
cloth, 258 (+ 1) pages. (Contains "Pasó Por Aquí," a fine story about
Pat Garrett.)
CRICHTON, Kyle S.—Law
and
Order,
Lid.—Santa Fe, 1928, cloth, 219
pages, illustrated;
BARKER, S. Omar—Buckaroo
Ballads—
(Santa Fe), 1928, pictorial cloth,
124 pages.
DOBIE, J. Frank--A
Vaquero
of
the
Brush
Country
--Dallas, 1929, cloth
&
boards, 314 pages, illustrated;
RAINE, Wm. MacLeod--Famous
Sheriffs
&
Western
Outlaws
--Garden
City, N. Y., 1929, words "First Edition" follow copyright notice, cloth,
294 pages;
HOYT, Henry Franklin—A Frontier
Doctor—
-Boston & N. Y., 1929, cloth,
260 pages, illustrated.
RAINE, Wm. MacLeod and Will C. BARNES—Cattle—
Garden City, N. Y.,
1930,words "First Edition" follow copyright notice, cloth, 340 pages,
illustrated;
KNIBBS, Henry Herbert—Songs
of
the
Last
Frontier—
Boston
&
N. Y.,
1930. cloth & boards, 85 (+1) pages.
SIRINGO, Chas. A.—Riata
and
Spurs—
Boston & N. Y., 1931, cloth, 261
pages, illustrated;
FRENCH, Joseph Lewis (Editor)—A Gallery
of
Old
Rogues—
-N. Y.,
(1931), cloth, 285 pages.
COOLIDGE, Dane—Fighting
Men
of
the
West—N.
Y., (1932), words
"First Edition" follow copyright notice, cloth, 343 pages, illustrated;
HAMILTON, Capt. Thomas Marion—The
Young
Pioneer—
Washington,
D. C (1932), cloth, 284 pages.
FULTON, Maurice Garland and John W. POE—The
Death
of
Billy
the
Kid—
Boston
&
N. Y., 1933, cloth, 59 (+1) pages, illustrated.
COE, George W.--Frontier
Fighter—
-Boston &
N. Y., 1934, cloth, 220
pages, illustrated;
CUNNINGHAM, Eugene--Triggernometry:
A
Gallery
of
Gunfighters—
N. Y., 1934, cloth, 441 pages, illustrated.
CORLE, Edwin—Mojave—N.
Y., 1934, cloth, 272 pages. Contains the story
"The Ghost of Billy the Kid."
MOORE, J. M. ("Tex")— The
West—
Wichita Falls, Texas, 1935, cloth,
147 (+1) pages, illustrated;
VAN ANTWERP, Albert--La
Fiesta
--Sioux City, lowa, 1935, wraps, 15
pages;
OTERO, Miguel Antonio--My
Life
on
the
Frontier
--N. Y., 1935, cloth.
293 pages, illustrated. A limited edition of 750 numbered and signed
copies.
OTERO, Miguel Antonio—The
Real
Billy
the
Kid—N.
Y., 1936, cloth, 200
pages, illustrated;
POE, Sophie A.—Buckboard Days— Caldwell,